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In 1954, {| align="[[Lacanright]] describes a primordial act of affirmation which is logically prior to any act of " style="line-height:2.0em;text-align:justify;background-color:#fcfcfc;border:1px solid #aaa" | [[negationGerman]].<ref>Lacan. "Reply to Jean Hyppolite: 's commentary on Freud's [[affirmation|Bejahung]]''Negation''". 1954b.</ref> |}

==Affirmation==In his "[[Reply to Jean Hyppolite's commentary on Freud's "Negation"]]" ([[{{Y}}|1954]]), [[Lacan]] describes a primordial [[act]] of [[Bejahung|affirmation]] which is logically prior to any [[act]] of [[negation]].<ref>{{L}} "[[Works of Jacques Lacan|Introduction aux commentaire de Jean Hyppolite sur la 'Verneinung' de Freud]]", in {{E}} [1954b] pp. 381-99.</ref> [[Lacan]] uses [[Freud]]'s [[German]] term, ''[[Bejahung]]'' ('to denote this primordial [[affirmation]]') to denote this primordial affirmation.<ref>{{Ec}} p.387</ref>

==Existence==Whereas [[negation]] concerns what [[Freud]] called the "judgement of [[existence]]," ''[[Bejahung]]'' denotes something more fundamental, namely the primordial [[act ]] of [[symbolization]] itself, the inclusion of something in the [[symbolic|symbolic universe]]. Only after a [[thing]] has been [[symbolize]]d (at the level of ''[[Bejahung]]'') can the [[value]] universeof [[existence]] be attributed to it or not (''[[negation]]'').

Only after a thing has been [[symbolize]]d (at the level of ''[[Bejahung]]'') can the value of [[existence]] be attributed to it or not (''[[negation]]'').==Foreclosure==[[Lacan]] posits a basic alternative between ''[[Bejahung]]'' and the [[psychosis|psychoticmechanism]] mechanism he later calls '"[[foreclosure]]'".  ''[[Bejahung]]'' designates a primordial inclusion of something in the [[symbolic]], whereas [[foreclosure]] is a primordial [[refusal ]] to include something (-- the [[Name-of-the-Father]] -- in the [[symbolic]].<ref>{{S3}} p.82</ref>

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