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Neurosis

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{{Top}}névrose{{Bottom}}
==Sigmund Freud==
===Mental Disorder===
"[[Neurosis]]" is originally a [[psychiatric]] term which came to denote, in the eighteenth-century, a [[whole]] range of [[treatment|nervous disorders]] defined by a wide variety of [[symptom]]s. [[Freud]] uses the term in a [[number]] of ways, sometimes as a general term for all [[treatment|mental disorders]] in [[Works of Sigmund Freud|his early work]], and sometimes to denote a specific [[class]] of [[treatment|mental disorders]] (i.e. in opposiiton to [[psychosis]]).
It is a pathological [[mental]] condition in which there are no observable lesions in the neuropsychological [[system]]. The [[patient]] is normally aware of the morbidity of his or her condition and a neurosis can, unlike a psychosis, be treated with the patient's consent. Neurosis is normally [[understood]] as a condition such as hysteria in which somatic [[symptoms]] are an expression of a [[psychical]] [[conflict]] originating in [[childhood]]. Modern [[psychoanalysis]] describes [[patients]] presenting obsessional, [[phobic]] or [[hysterical]] symptoms as neurotic.
==Jacques Lacan==
===Clinical Structure===
In [[Lacan]]'s [[work]], the term [[neurosis]] always [[figures]] in opposition to [[psychosis]] and [[perversion]], and refers not to a set of [[symptom]]s but to a [[particular]] [[clinical structure]]. This use of the term to designate a [[structure]] problematizes [[Freud]]'s [[distinction]] between [[neurosis]] and normality.
===Neurosis and Normality===
[[Freud]] bases this distinction purely on a quantitative factors ("[[psychoanalytic]] research finds no fundamental but only quantitative distinction between normal and neurotic [[life]]"<ref>{{F}} ''[[The Interpretation of Dreams]]'', 1990a: [[SE]] V: 373</ref>) which is not a [[structural]] distinction. In [[structural]] [[terms]], therefore, there is no distinction between the "normal" [[subject]] and the [[neurotic]].
===Psychosis and Perversion===
This [[Lacanian]] nosology [[identifies]] [[three]] [[clinical structures]]: [[neurosis]], [[psychosis]] and [[perversion]], in which there is no [[position]] of "mental health" which could be called "normal"<ref>{{S8}} p. 374-5; {{E}} p. 163</ref>. The normal [[structure]], in the [[sense]] of that which is found in the statistical majority of the population, is [[neurosis]], and "mental health" is an [[illusory]] [[ideal]] of [[split|wholeness]] which can never be attained because the [[subject]] is essentially [[split]]. Thus whereas [[Freud]] sees [[neurosis]] as an [[illness]] that can be [[cure]]d, [[Lacan]] sees [[neurosis]] as a [[structure]] that cannot be altered. The aim of [[psychoanalytic treatment]] is therefore not the eradication of the [[neurosis]] but the modification of the [[subject]]'s position ''vis-à-vis'' the [[neurosis]].
===Hysteria and Obsessional Neurosis===
According to [[Lacan]], "the structure of a neurosis is essentially a question."<ref>{{S3}} p.174</ref>
The term '[[neurosis]]' (''névrose'') is used in [[psychoanalysis]] to describe a whole range of nervous disorders.For [[Lacan]], the term '[[neurosis]]' refers not to a set of [[symptoms]] but to a particular [[clinical structure]].[[Lacan]] identifies three [[clinical structure]]s: [[neurosis]], [[psychosis]] and [[perversion]].There is no position of 'mental health' which could be called normal.The normal structure, in the sense of that which is found in the statistical majority of the population, is [[neurosis]].'Mental health' is an illusory idea of wholeness which can neve rbe attained because the [[subject]] is essentially [[split]].Thus, whereas [[Freud]] sees [[neurosis]] as an illness that can be cured, [[Lacan]] sees [[neurosis]] as a [[structure]] that cannot be altered.The aim of [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic]] t[[treatment]] is therefore not the eradication of the [[neurosis]] but the modification of the [[subject]]'s position ''vis-a-vis'' the [[neurosis]].According to [[Lacan]], "the structure of a neurosis is essentially a question."<refblockquote>S3. 174</ref>"[[Neurosis]] "is a question that [[being ]] poses for the subject."<ref>{{E}} p. 168</ref>The two forms of [[neurosis]] ([[hysteria]] and [[obsessional neurosis]]) are distinguished by the content of the question.The question of the [[hysteria|hysteric]] ('Am I a man or a woman?') relates to one's [[sex]], whereas the question of [[obsessional neurosis]] ('To be or not to be?') relates to the contingency of one's own [[existence]].These two questions (the [[hysteria|hysterical]] question about [[sexual identity]], and the [[obsessional neurosis|obsessional]] question about [[death]]/[[existence]]) "are as it happens the two ultimate questions that have precisely no solution in the signifier. This is what gives neurotics their existential values.<ref>S3. p.190</ref>At times [[Lacan]] lists [[phobia]] as a [[neurosis]] alonside [[hysteria]] and [[obsessional neurosis]], thus raising the question of whether there are not two but three forms of [[neurosis]].<ref>E p.168</refblockquote>
Neurosis is a pathological mental condition in which The two forms of [[neurosis]] -- [[hysteria]] and [[obsessional neurosis]] -- are distinguished by the patient is awre [[content]] of the morbidity question. The question of his the [[hysteric]] ("[[hysteria|Am I a man or her condition and it cana woman?]]") relates to one's [[sex]], unlike psychosis, bne treated with whereas the question of the [[obsessional neurosis]] ("[[obsessional neurosis|To be or not to be?]]") relates to the patient[[time|contingency]] of one's consentown [[existence]].Neurosis is a condition in which somatic symptoms These two questions (the [[hysteria|hysterical]] question [[about]] [[sexuality|sexual identity]], and the [[obsessional]] question about [[death]]/[[existence]]) "are an expression of a psychical conflict originating as it happens the two ultimate questions that have precisely no solution in childhoodthe [[signifier]].Patients presenting obsessional, phobic or hysterical symptoms are neurotic This is what gives neurotics this existential [[value]]."<ref>{{S3}} p.190</ref>
The formation of behavioral or psychosomatic symptoms ===Phobia===At [[times]] [[Lacan]] lists [[phobia]] as a result of the return of the repressed. A [[neurosis]] alongside [[hysteria]] and [[obsessional neurosis represents an instance where the ego's efforts to deal with its desires through repression, displacement]], etc. fail: "A person only falls ill of a neurosis if his ego has lost thus raising the capacity to allocate his libido in some way" (Introductory Lectures 16.387). The failure question of the ego and the increased insistence whether there are not two but three forms of the libido lead to symptoms that are as bad or worse than the conflict they are designed to replace[[neurosis]]. This term should be carefully distinguished from psychosis<ref>{{E}} p.168</ref>
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[End of analysis]]
* [[Hysteria]]
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* [[Obsessional neurosis]]
* [[phobiaPerversion]]||* [[Psychosis]]* [[Split]]||* [[Structure]]* [[Subject]]||* [[structureSymptom]]* [[symptomTreatment]]{{Also}}
==References==
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{{Cat}}
[[Category:Neurosis]]
[[Category:Practice]]
[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]]__NOTOC__
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