Changes

The "[[other]]" is perhaps the most [[complex]] term in [[Lacan]]'s [[work]]. {{Top}}[[autre]]]]'', ''[[Autre{{Bottom}}

=====Jacques Lacan=====The [[Freud]] uses the term "[[other]]" is perhaps to [[speak]] of ''[[Other|der Andere]]'' ("the most complex term other person") and ''[[Other|das Andere]]'' ("otherness"), but in the 1930s, when [[Lacan]]'s first begins to use the term, it is not very salient, and refers simply to "other [[people]]." The term seems to be borrowed from [[Hegel]], to whose work[[Lacan]] was introduced in a series of lectures given by [[Alexandre Kojève]] in 1933-9.

=====Sigmund Freud===Little and Big Other==In 1955, [[Lacan]] draws a [Freud[distinction]] uses between the term "[[little other]]" to speak and the "[[big Other]]" ("the [[Other]]"), a distinction which remains central throughout the rest of his work.<ref>{{S2}} Chapter 19</ref> Thereafter, in [[Lacan]]ian [[algebra]], the [[big Other]] is designated '''A''' (upper [[case]], for [[French]] ''[[Other|der AndereAutre]]'' (") and the [[little other person") and ]] is designated <i>'''a'''</i> (lower case italicized, for [[French]] ''[[Other|das Andereautre]]'' (). [[Lacan]] asserts that an [[awareness]] of this distinction is fundamental to [[analytic treatment|analytic practice]]: the [[analyst]] must be "othernessthoroughly imbued")with the [[difference]] between '''A''' and <i>'''a'''</i>,<ref>{{E}} p. 140</ref> so that he can situate himself in the place of [[Other]], and not of the [[other]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.454</ref>

=====Development==Little other (autre, "''a''") ===When The [[Lacanlittle other]] first begins to use is the term[[other]] who is not, in fact, [[other]], but a [[reflection]] or [[projection]] of the [[ego]].<ref>This is why the symbol a can [[represent]] the little other and the 1930s, it ego interchangeably in [[schema L]].</ref> It is not very salient, simultaneously the [[counterpart]] and refers simply to "the [[specular image]]. The [[little other people]] is inscribed in the [[imaginary]] [[order]] as both the [[counterpart]] and the [[specular image]]."

===Big Other (Autre, "A")===The [[big Other]] designates radical [[alterity]], an [[otherness]] which transcends the [[illusory]] [[other|otherness]] of the [[imaginary]] because it cannot be assimilated through [[identification]]. [[Lacan]] seems to have borrowed equates the [[big Other]] with [[language]] and the term from [[Hegellaw]], to whose work and hence the [[Lacanbig Other]] was introduced is inscribed in a series of lectures given by the [[symbolic]] [[order]]. Indeed, the [[big Other]] ''is'' the [[symbolic]] insofar as it is particularized for each [[subject]]. Thus, the [[Other]] is both another [[Alexandre Kojèvesubject]] in 1933-9its radical [[alterity]] and unassimilable uniqueness and also the [[symbolic]] [[order]] which mediates the [[relationship]] with that [[subject]].

=====Little Speech and Big===the Other==In 1955However, the [[Lacanmeaning]] draws a distinction between of "the "[[little otherOther]] as another [[subject]]" and is strictly secondary to the meaning of "the [[big Other]]as [[symbolic]] [[order]]." ("The Other must first of all be considered a locus, the locus in which speech is constituted."<ref>{{S3}} p. 274</ref> It is thus only possible to speak of the [[Other]]")as a [[subject]] in a secondary [[sense]], in the sense that a distinction which remains central throughout [[subject]] may occupy this position and thereby "embody" the rest of his work[[Other]] for another [[subject]].<ref>{{S2S8}} Chapter 19p. 202</ref>

Thereafter, ===Discourse of the Other===In arguing that [[speech]] originates not in the [[Lacanego]]ian or even in the [[algebrasubject]], but in the [[big Other]], [[Lacan]] is designated '''A''' (upper casestressing that [[speech]] and [[language]] are beyond [[conscious]] [[control]]; they come from an [[other]] place, for [[Frenchoutside]] ''[[Other|Autreconsciousness]]'') , and hence "the [[little otherunconscious]] is deisgnated the [[discourse]] of the [[Other]]."<iref>'''a'''{{Ec}} p. 16</iref> (lower case italicizedIn conceiving of the [[Other]] as a [[place]], for [[FrenchLacan]] alludes to [[Freud]] ''s [[concept]] of [[psychical locality]], in which the [[unconscious]] is described as "the [[other]] [[Other|autrescene]]'')."

==Lack in the Other==It is the [[mother]] who first occupies the [[position]] of the [[big Other]] for the [[child]], because it is she who receives the [[child]]'s [[primitive]] cries and [[retroactively]] sanctions [[them]] as a [[particular]] [[Lacanmessage]]. The [[castration complex]] is formed when the [[child]] asserts discovers that an awareness of this distinction [[Other]] is fundamental to not [[complete]], that there is a [[lack]] in the [[Other]]. In other [[words]], there is always a [[signifier]] [[analytic treatment|analytic practicemissing]]: from the treasury of [[analystsignifier]] must be "thoroughly imbued" with s constituted by the difference between [[Other]]. The [[mythical]] complete [[Other]] (written '''A''' and <i>'''in [[Lacan]]ian [[algebra]]) does not [[exist]]. In 1957 [[Lacan]] illustrates this incomplete [[Other]] graphically by striking a[[bar]] through the [[symbol]] '''</istrike>,A<ref/strike>{{E}} p'''. 140</ref> so that he can situate himself in Hence another [[name]] for the place of [[castrated]], incomplete [[Other]], and not of is the ''[[otherbarred]] [[Other]]''.<ref>{{Ec}} p.454</ref>

=====Little=====The [[little other]] is the [[other]] who is not, in fact, [[other]], but a [[reflection]] or [[projection]] of the [[ego]].<ref>This is why the symbol a can represent the little other and the ego interchangeably in [[schema L]].</ref> It is simultaneously the [[counterpart]] and the [[specular image]]. The [[little other]] is inscribed in the [[imaginary]] [[order]] as both the [[counterpart]] and the [[specular image]]. =====Big=====The [[big Other]] designates radical [[alterity]], an [[otherness]] which transcends the [[illusory]] [[other|otherness]] of the [[imaginary]] because it cannot be assimilated through [[identification]]. [[Lacan]] equates the [[big Other]] with [[language]] and the [[law]], and hence the [[big Other]] is inscribed in the [[symbolic]] [[order]]. Indeed, the [[big Other]] ''is'' the [[symbolic]] insofar as it is particularized for each [[subject]]. Thus, the [[Other]] is both another [[subject]] in its radical [[alterity]] and unassimilable uniqueness and also the [[symbolic]] [[order]] which mediates the relationship with that [[subject]]. =====Speech=====However, the meaning of "the [[Other]] as another [[subject]]" is strictly secondary to the meaning of "the [[Other]] as [[symbolic]] [[order]]." "The Other must first of all be considered a locus, the locus in which speech is constituted."<ref>{{S3}} p.274</ref> It is thus only possible to speak of the [[Other]] as a [[subject]] in a secondary sense, in the sense that a [[subject]] may occupy this position and thereby "embody" the [[Other]] for another [[subject]].<ref>{{S8}} p.202</ref> =====Discourse of the Other=====In arguing that [[speech]] originates not in the [[ego]] or even in the [[subject]] but in the [[Other]], [[Lacan]] is stressing that [[speech]] and [[language]] are beyond [[conscious]] control; they come from an [[other]] place, [[outside]] [[consciousness]], and hence "the [[unconscious]] is the [[discourse]] of the [[Other]]."<ref>{{Ec}} p.16</ref> In conceiving of the [[Other]] as a [[place]], [[Lacan]] alludes to [[Freud]]'s concept of [[psychical locality]], in which the [[unconscious]] is described as "the [[other]] [[scene]]." =====Lack in the Other=====It is the [[mother]] who first occupies the [[position]] of the [[big Other]] for the [[child]], because it is she who receives the [[child]]'s primitive cries and [[retroactively]] sanctions them as a particular [[message]].  The [[castration complex]] is formed when the [[child]] discovers that this [[Other]] is not [[complete]], that there is a [[lack]] in the [[Other]].  In other words, there is always a [[signifier]] missing from the treasury of [[signifier]]s constituted by the [[Other]].  The [[mythical]] complete [[Other]] (written '''A''' in [[Lacan]]ian [[algebra]]) does not [[exist]].  In 1957 [[Lacan]] illustrates this incomplete [[Other]] graphically by striking a [[bar]] through the [[symbol]] '''<strike>A</strike>'''. Hence another name for the [[castrated]], incomplete [[Other]] is the ''[[barred]] [[Other]]''. =====The Other Sex=====The Other is also "the Other sex."<ref>{{S20}} p.40</ref>  The [[Other]] [[sex]] is always [[woman]], for both [[male]] and [[female]] [[subjects]]. <blockquote>"[[Man]] here [[acts ]] as the relay whereby the [[woman]] becomes this Other for herself as she is this [[Other]] for him."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 732</ref></blockquote>

=====References==<div style="font-size:11px" class=="references-small"><references/></div>