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Repression

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The concept of [[repression]] ([[French]]: ''{{Top}}refoulement'') is one of the most basic [[concepts]] in [[psychoanalytic theory]], and denotes the process by which certain [[thought]]s or [[memory|memories]] are expelled from [[consciousness]] and confined to the [[unconscious]]. {{Bottom}}
=====Psychoanalytic Theory=====The [[Freudconcept]] was first led to hypothesise the process of [[repression]] through his investigation into is one of the most basic [[amnesia]] of [[hysteria|hystericalconcepts]] in [[patientpsychoanalytic theory]]s.
He later distinguished between =====Unconscious=====It denotes the [[primal repressionprocess]] (a 'by which certain [[myththought]]ical' s or [[forgettingmemory|memories]] of something that was never are expelled from [[consciousconsciousness]] and confined to begin with, an originary the ''psychical act' by which the [[unconscious]] is first constituted) and [[secondary repression]] (concrete acts of [[repression]] whereby some idea or perception that was once [[conscious]] is expelled from the [[conscious]])'''.
Since =====Sigmund Freud=====[[repression]] does not destroy the [[ideaFreud]]s or [[memories]] that are its target, but merely confines them was first led to hypothesize the process of [[unconsciousrepression]], through his investigation into the amnesia of [[repressedhysteria|hysterical]] [[material]] is always liable to return in a distorted form, in [[symptompatient]]s, [[dream]]s, [[slips of the tongue]], etc. (the [[return of the repressed]]).
=====Primary and Secondary Repression=====
He later distinguished between [[repression|primal repression]] (a "[[myth]]ical" [[forgetting]] of something that was never [[conscious]] to begin with, an originary "[[psychical]] act" by which the [[unconscious]] is first constituted) and [[repression|secondary repression]] ([[concrete]] [[act]]s of [[repression]] whereby some idea or [[perception]] that was once [[conscious]] is expelled from the [[conscious]]).
For =====Formations=====Since [[Lacanrepression]] does not destroy the [[idea]]s or [[memories]] that are its target, but merely confines [[repressionthem]] is to the fundamental operation which distinguishes [[neurosisunconscious]] from , the other [[clinical structurerepressed]] [[material]]s. Whereas is always liable to [[psychoticreturn]]s in a distorted [[forecloseform]], and in [[pervertsymptom]]s , [[disavowdream]]s, only [[neuroticslips of the tongue]]s , etc. (the [[repressreturn of the repressed]]).
What is it that is repressed? =====Neurosis=====At one point For [[Lacan]] speaks of the , [[signifiedrepression]] as is the fundamental operation which distinguishes '''[[objectneurosis]] of repression,<ref>{{E}}} p.55</ref> but he soon abandons this view and argues instead that it is always a ''' from the [[signifierother]] that is [[repressed]], never a [[signifiedclinical structure]]s.<ref>{{Sl1}} p.218</ref> This latter view seems to correspond more closely to Whereas [[Freudpsychotic]]'s view that what is repressed is not the '[[affectforeclose]]' (which can only be displaced or transformed) but the 'ideational representative' of the , and [[drivepervert]].s [[Lacandisavow]] also takes up , only [[Freudneurotic]]'s distinction between [[primal repression]] and secondary [[repressionrepress]]:.
[[Primal repression]] (Ger. ''Urverdr‰ngung'') =====Repressed Signifier=====What is it that is the repressed? At one point [[alienationLacan]] speaks of the [[desiresignified]] when as the [[needobject]] is articulated in of [[demandrepression]].,<ref>{{E}}} p.28655</ref>It but he soon abandons this view and argues instead that it is always a [[signifier]] that is also the [[unconsciousrepressed]] , never a [[signifying chainsignified]].<ref>{{ES11}} p.314218</ref> This latter view seems to correspond more closely to [[Primary repressionFreud]] 's view that what is repressed is not the "[[affect]]" (which can only be [[displaced]] or transformed) but the "ideational [[repressionrepresentative]] " of the first [[signifierdrive]].
"From the moment he speaks, from that precise moment =====Primary and not before, I understand that there is Secondary=====[[Lacan]] also takes up [[Freud]]'s [[distinction]] between [[primal repression."<ref>{{S20}} p.53</ref>]] and secondary [[repression]]:
=====Primary=====[[LacanRepression|Primal repression]] does not see ([[primary repressionGerman]]: ''Urverdrängung'') is the [[alienation]] of [[desire]] as a specific psychical when [[actneed]], localisable is articulated in [[timedemand]], but as a structural feature of .<ref>{{E}} p. 286</ref> It is also the [[languageunconscious]] itself - namely, its necessary incompleteness, the [[impossibilitysignifying chain]] of ever saying "the truth about truth."<ref>{{EcE}} p.868314</ref> [[Primary repression]] is the [[repression]] of the first [[signifier]].
[[Secondary repression]] (Ger. ''Verdr‰ngung'') is a specific psychical [[act]] by which a [[signifier]] is elided from <blockquote>"From the [[signifying chain]]. [[Secondary repression]] is [[structure]]d like a [[metaphormoment]]he speaks, from that precise moment and always involves 'the [[return of the repressed]]'not before, whereby the I [[repressedunderstand]] [[signifier]] reappears under the guise of the various [[formation]]s of the [[unconscious]] (i.e. [[symptom]]s, [[dream]]s, [[parapraxis|parapraxes]], [[joke]]s, etcthat there is repression.).In [[secondary repression]], [[repression]] and the [[return of the repressed]] "are the same thing<ref>{{S20}} p."53</ref></blockquote>
[[Lacan]] does not see [[repression|primary repression]] as a specific psychical [[act]], localizable in [[time]], but as a [[structure|structural feature]] of [[language]] itself - namely, its necessary [[lack|incompleteness]], the [[impossibility]] of ever saying "the [[truth]] [[about]] truth."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 868</ref>
=====Secondary=====
[[Repression|Secondary repression]] ([[German]]" ''Verdrängung'') is a specific psychical [[act]] by which a [[signifier]] is elided from the [[signifying chain]]. [[Repression|Secondary repression]] is [[structure]]d like a [[metaphor]], and always involves 'the [[return of the repressed]]', whereby the [[repressed]] [[signifier]] reappears under the guise of the various [[formation]]s of the [[unconscious]] (i.e. [[symptom]]s, [[dream]]s, [[parapraxis|parapraxes]], [[joke]]s, etc.). In [[Repression|secondary repression]], [[repression]] and the [[return of the repressed]] "are the same [[thing]]."
==See Also=={{See}} The theory of '* [[repressionDemand]]' is one of the cornerstones of * [[psychoanalysisDrive]].* [[RepressionForeclosure]] occurs when impulses, ||* [[wishFormation]]es or [[memories]], usually but not always of a sexual nature, that are bound up with the [[drive]]s, are denied access to the [[conscious]] mind by the [[ego]] because it regards them as a [[threat]] to its integrity or because they offend the * [[ethicalHysteria]] standards imposed upon it by the [[super-ego]].Such impulses and wishes are forced back into the * [[unconscious]Memory] but almost inevitably find other means of expression by using the mechanisms of [[condensation]] and [[displacement]].The resultant conflict between the respective [[demand]]s of the [[ego]] and the [[unconscious]] results in the formation of [[symptom]]s, which are a form of [[substitute]] sexual [[satisfaction]] or [[wish-fulfilment]].||* [[RepressionNeurosis]] is not a single [[act]] which occurs only once, but a continuous application of pressure in the direction of the [[unconscious]].The theory of [[repression]] is the key to the psychoanalytic understanding of * [[neurosisSignifier]] and especially [[hysteria]].* [[LacanSignifying chain]] argues that the triggering of a [[psychosis]] is governed by the different and specific process of [[forclosure]].||==Primal Repression==The expression '[[primal repression]]' is used by [[Freud]] to refer to a hypothetical process in which the [[unconscious]] is constituted through the f[[ormation]] and [* [repression]] of [[unconsciousStructure]] ideas and [[representation]]s.The result is the lating * [[fixationSymptom]] of the [[drive]] to one particular [[representation]].'Primal' is used here in the sense in which * [[Freud]Unconscious] speaks of the [[primal scene]]. == def ==The ego's mechanism for suppressing and forgetting its instinctual impulses. {{Also}}
== References ==
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[[Category:Dictionary]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Psychoanalysis]]{{OK}}
[[Category:Freudian psychology]]
[[Category:Neurosis]]
[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Symbolic]]
 
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