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* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1956.11.21.pdf 21 novembre 1956]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1956.11.28.pdf 28 novembre 1956]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1956.12.05.pdf 05 décembre 1956]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1956.12.12.pdf 12 décembre 1956]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1956.12.19.pdf 19 décembre 1956]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.01.09.pdf 1957.01.09.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.01.16.pdf 1957.01.16.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.01.23.pdf 1957.01.23.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.01.30.pdf 1957.01.30.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.02.06.pdf 1957.02.06.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.02.27.pdf 1957.02.27.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.03.06.pdf 1957.03.06.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.03.13.pdf 1957.03.13.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.03.20.pdf 1957.03.20.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.03.27.pdf 1957.03.27.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.04.03.pdf 1957.04.03.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.04.10.pdf 1957.04.10.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.05.08.pdf 1957.05.08.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.05.15.pdf 1957.05.15.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.05.22.pdf 1957.05.22.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.06.05.pdf 1957.06.05.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.06.19.pdf 1957.06.19.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.06.26.pdf 1957.06.26.pdf]
* [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireIV/1957.07.03.pdf 1957.07.03.pdf]
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Lacan confronts the theory of [[object relations]] defended by the ‘’[[Société Psychanalytique de Paris]]’’: [[Freud]] did not bother about the [[object]], he cared about "the lack of the object."
This lack has nothing to do with [[frustration]].
It is a matter of a [[renunciation]] that involves the [[law]] of the [[Father]]: "...between the mother and the child, Freud introduced a third and imaginary term whose signifying role is a major one: the [[phallus]]."
The study is based on the function of the object in [[phobia]] and in [[fetishism]] (Freud's ‘’[[Little Hans]]’’, ‘’[[''A Child is Being Beaten]]’’'').
In his analysis of Little Hans, Lacan states that [[anxiety]] arises when the [[subject]] is poised between the [[imaginary]] preoedipical triangle and the Oedipical [[quaternary]]: Hans' real penis makes itself felt in infantile masturbation. Anxiety arises since he can now measure the difference between that for what he is loved (his position as imaginary phallus) and what he really has to give (his insignificant real organ). The [[subject]] would have been rescued from anxiety by the castrating intervention of the real [[father]], but the father fails to separate the child from the [[mother]] and thus Hans develops a [[phobia]] as a substitute for this intervention.
Lacan muses about the way in which "the feminine object conceives the object relation." Lacan talks of motherhood, [[love]], a case of feminine homosexuality (Freud's 1920) in which he sees a type of relation to lack and to the father. As to the phallus and sexual difference, Lacan argues that in order to assume castration every child must renounce the possibility of being the phallus of the mother; this "rapport to the phallus is established without regard to the anatomical difference of the sexes."
The [[renunciation]] of [[identification]] with the [[imaginary phallus]] paves the way for a rapport with the symbolic phallus which is different for the sexes: the male has the symbolic phallus, i.e. "he is not without having it" - woman does not. Yet the male can only lay claim to the symbolic phallus if he assumes castration, i.e. to give up being the imaginary phallus. Further, the woman's lack of symbolic phallus is in itself a kind of possession.
=====The Real Phallus=====
The phallus which circulates between mother and child posits the first dialectic in the child's life which, though imaginary, frames the symbolic. An imaginary element is mobilized - the phallus becomes an imaginary signifier. The phallus is a symbolic object; it is a signifier. The doctrine becomes systematized in ‘’Les formations de l'inconscient’’. In the 1960s the phallus is described as "the signifier of the desire of the Other" and the signifier of ''[[jouissance]]''. Also the notion of ‘’[[objet a]]’’, the cause of [[desire]], will be added to that of the phallus.
=====See Also=====
