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seminar ({{S}}{{Topp}}séminaire) {{Bottom}}

==Jacques Lacan===== History =======Early Lectures====In 1951, [[Lacan]] began to give private lectures in [[Sylvia Bataille]]'s apartment at 3 rue de Lille. The lectures were attended by a small group of [[trainee ]] [[psychoanalysts]], and were based on readings of some of [[Freud]]'s [[case histories]]: [[Dora]], the [[Rat Man]] and the [[Wolf Man]]. <!-- In 1953 Lacan began a fortnightly [[public]] seminar at Hôpital SainteAnne, the [[psychiatric]] hospital where he worked (for the previous two years he had given private weekly lectures in the apartment of [[Sylvia]] [[Bataille]], then the wife of the [[philosopher]] and writer George Bataille (1897-1962) and shortly to become Lacan's second wife). The seminar would continue for the next 26 years. Each year he would take a [[text]] or [[concept]] from Freud and devote the seminar to the study of that text or [[idea]]. -->

====Hôpital Sainte-Anne====In [[{{Y}}|1953]], the venue of these lectures moved to the [[Hôpital Sainte-Anne]], here a larger audience could be accommodated. Although [[Lacan ]] sometimes refers to the private lectures of 1951-2 and 1952-3 as the first two years of his '"[[seminar']]", the term is now usually reserved for the public lectures which began in 1953. From that point on until his [[death]] in 1981, [[Lacan]] took a different theme each academic year and delivered a series of lectures on it. These twenty-seven annual series of lectures are usually referred to collectively as "the [[seminar]]", in the [[singular]].

From that point on until his death ====École Normale Supérieure====After ten years at the [[Hôpital Sainte-Anne]], the [[seminar]] moved to the [[École Normale Supérieure]] in 19811964, Lacan took a different theme each academic year and delivered a series of lectures on itto the Faculté de [[Droit]] in 1973. These twenty-seven annual series changes of venue were due to various reasons, not least of lectures are usually referred which was the [[need]] to collectively accommodate the constantly growing audience as 'the [[seminar', ]] gradually became a focal point in the singularParisian [[intellectual]] resurgence of the 1950s and 1960s.

After ten years at ====Speech====Given [[Lacan]]'s [[insistence]] that [[speech]] is the Hôpital Sainte-Anneonly medium of [[psychoanalysis]], <ref>{{E}} p. 40</ref> it is perhaps appropriate that the seminar moved to the École Normale Supérieure in 1964, original means by which [[Lacan]] developed and to expounded his [[ideas]] should have been the Faculté de Droit in 1973spoken [[word]]. These changes Indeed, as one commentator has remarked: "it must be [[recalled]] that virtually all of venue Lacan's 'writings' were due to various reasonsoriginally [[oral]] presentations, not least of which that is many ways the open-ended Seminar was the need to accommodate the constantly growing audience as the seminar gradually became a focal point in the Parisian intellectual resurgence of the 1950s and 1960shis preferred [[environment]]."

== Speech =Transcripts===Given As [[Lacan]]'s insistence that speech is the only medium of psychoanalysis (E, 40), it is perhaps appropriate that the original means by which Lacan developed and expounded his ideas should have been the spoken word.Indeed, as one commentator has remarked; 'It must be recalled that virtually all of Lacan'[[seminar]]s "writings" (…crits) were originally oral presentations, that in many ways the open-ended Seminar was his preferred environment' (Macey, 1995: 77).As Lacan's seminars became increasingly popular, [[demand ]] grew for written transcripts of the [[seminar]]. However, apart from a few small articles that he wrote on the basis of some lectures delivered in the course of the [[seminar]], [[Lacan ]] never published any account of his own seminars[[seminar]]s. In 1956-9 [[Lacan ]] authorised Jean-Bertrand Pontalis to publish a few summaries of sections of the [[seminar ]] during those years, but this as not enough to [[satisfy ]] the growing demand for written accounts of [[Lacan]]'s teaching. Hence unauthorised transcripts of [[Lacan]]'s [[seminar ]] began increasingly to be circulated among his followers in an almost clandestine way. Even during [[Lacan]]'s lifetime, the [[seminar]] circulated in the [[form]] of photocopies of diverse and unreliable written versions of the spoken text. Beginning in 1973, [[Lacan]] entrusted the transcription of the [[seminar]] to [[Jacques-Alain Miller]]. In 1973, [[Lacan ]] allowed his son-in-law, [[Jacques-Alain Miller]], to publish an edited transcript of the lectures given in 1964, the eleventh year of the [[seminar]]. Since then, Miller has continued In an editor's note to bring out edited versions ''[[The Four Fundamental Concepts of other years of the seminar, although the number published is still fewer than half. MillerPsychoanalysis]]'s role in editing and publishing the seminar has led to some very heated arguments, with opponents claiming he has distorted Lacan's original.However, as Miller himself has pointed out, the transition from an oral to a written medium, and the editing required by this, means that these published versions first of the seminar could never be simple transcripts his publications of the lectures given by [[Lacan (see Miller, 1985). So far only nine of the yearly ]]'s [[seminars have been published in book form]], while authorised extracts from others have appeared in the journal Ornicar? Unauthorised transcripts of the unpublished years of the seminar continue to circulate today, both in France and abroad.The titles of each year (or each 'book') of the seminar, are listed on p. 177. The original French titles and publication details are listed in the bibliography at the end of this dictionary.[[Miller]] writes:

== Definition ==A Since then, [[Miller]] has continued to bring out edited versions of [[other]] years of the [[seminar ]], although the [[number]] published is a form of academic teaching, at a university or offered by a commercial or professional organization, still fewer than half. [[Miller]]'s [[role]] in small groups where students are requested editing and publishing the [[seminar]] has led to actively participate during meetingssome very heated arguments, with opponents claiming he has distorted [[Lacan]]'s original. This often However, as [[Miller]] himself has pointed out, the transition from an oral to a written medium, and the editing required by this, means that these published versions of the [[seminar]] could never be done simple transcripts of the lectures given by presenting a paper [[Lacan]].<ref>[[Jacques-Alain Miller|Miller, Jacques-Alain]]. ''Entretien sur le Séminaire, avec François Ansermet. [[Paris]]: Navarin, 1985</ref> So far only nine of the yearly [[seminar]]s have been published in class and also in written book form. Normally, participants must not be beginnerswhile authorised extracts from [[others]] have appeared in the journal [[Ornicar?]]. The idea behind seminars is to confront students with Unauthorised transcripts of the methodology unpublished years of their chosen subject and also to familiarise them with practical problems that might crop up during their research work. Often a the [[seminar will be open ]] continue to discussioncirculate today, where questions can be raised both in [[France]] and debates conductedabroad.

Another form <!-- Under the general editorship of Jacques [[Alain]]-Miller many of academic teaching is lecturingthese seminars have now been reconstructed from [[notes]] and transcripts made by his former students, and a form which involves larger student groups with less active participation. In some European universities a seminar can be a large lecture course, especially when conducted by a renowned thinker, regardless of the size of the audience or its participation in discussionsteadily increasing number have been translated.-->   ===== References =====<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">