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After the failure of the negotiations between the Société française de [[psychanalyse ]] ([[French ]] [[Society ]] for [[Psychoanalysis]]) and the International [[Psychoanalytical ]] [[Association ]] over whether to recognize Jacques [[Lacan ]] as a [[training ]] [[analyst]], two groups were founded.

One was the [[Association psychanalytique de France ]] (French [[Psychoanalytic ]] Association), which was founded on May 26, 1964, and became a member of the [[International Psychoanalytical Association ]] even though it included a [[number ]] of Lacanians.

The [[other ]] was theÉcole française de psychanalyse (French [[School ]] of Psychoanalysis), founded by [[Jacques Lacan ]] on June 21, 1964.

The school was renamed theÉcole freudienne de [[Paris ]] ([[Freudian ]] School of Paris) when its bylaws were filed with the police on September 24 of the same year.

Lacan dissolved this school by a [[letter ]] dated January 5, 1980, though its [[legal ]] [[dissolution ]] was not voted on until September 27, 1980.

Then on February 21, 1980, with his "letter to the thousand," which was a call to follow him, Lacan founded the Freudian [[cause]], which he entrusted to Solange Faladé, Charles Melman, and Jacques-[[Alain ]] [[Miller ]] to direct. Following much discord and many departures, including the resignations of Faladé and Melman, Lacan established, as his base, theÉcole de la [[Cause freudienne ]] (ECF, School of the Freudian Cause). Its statutes were modified on September 24, 1993.

The ECF is the largest and most important [[Lacanian ]] association in France.

It has international connections with a number of other [[schools ]] through the Association mondial de la psychanalyse ([[World ]] Association of Psychoanalysis), founded in Paris in 1992.

The ECF is represented by [[Jacques-Alain Miller]], Lacan's son-in-law and [[literary ]] executor, and is led by a directorate of five members (who serve [[terms ]] of two years and are [[responsible ]] for its administration) and a council (which guides its orientation).

These titles are holdovers from the old École Freudienne de Paris. Also, a practicing analyst can declare his or her [[practice ]] within the school without the school certifying it.

The Association de [[la Cause freudienne ]] (Association of the Freudian Cause) was founded on November 1, 1992, to gather the fifteen regional [[associations ]] of the ECF, most of which publish a journal or bulletin.

Through the Association mondial de la psychanalyse and the Association de la fondation du [[champ ]] freudienne (Association for the [[Foundation of the Freudian Field]]), founded by Lacan in 1979 and directed by his daughter [[Judith ]] Miller, the Lacanian movement has an [[official ]] [[presence ]] in twenty-six foreign countries (and an especially important presence in [[Latin ]] America).

Two organizations have [[split ]] off from the ECF: theÉcole de psychanalyse Sigmund [[Freud ]] (The [[Sigmund Freud ]] School of Psychoanalysis), which was founded in May 1994 and which revived the experiment of the [[pass ]] (See [[Daniel Lagache]], "On the Experiment of the Pass" [1973]), and the Forums du champ lacanian (Forums of the Lacanian Field), which was founded in May 1999 by [[three ]] former presidents of the [[ECF]].

The École de la Cause freudienne [ECF] was founded in 1981 to restore the original [[power ]] and revolutionary effect of psychoanalysis. ECF, with its over 300 members, organizes many ongoing courses and conferences, maintains a large [[library ]] and promotes the teaching of psychoanalysis, particularly in the small "[[cartel]]" groups devised by Jacques Lacan.