The case [[full]] title of Aimee the doctoral thesis that signaled Jacques [[Lacan]]'s entry into [[psychiatry]] was De la [[psychose]] paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité (On [[paranoiac]] [[psychosis]] as it relates to the [[personality]]). The [[work]] was dated September 7, 1932, when Lacan was thirty-one years old.
An important moment in the history of surrealism is the convergence of the concern for language and the interest in psychoanalysis and psychiatry. ==The surrealists argued that the pathological is not meaningless and that it is a mode of expression which has its own validity. It is possible that Lacan's famous slogan 'the unconscious is structured like a language' may owe much to the surrealists' attention to the linguistic expression of psychic phenomena. It has been suggested that some surrealist texts prefigure aspects of Lacanian theory. Indeed, it could be argued that the surrealists were the first to realise that psychoanalysis is essentially a question of language. They fully understood why the method introduced by Freud and Breuer was given the name 'the talking cure' by Anna 0., one of Breuer's patients. Besides language, the surrealists were interested in certain aspects case of femininity. 'Woman-as-victim' is a common theme in surrealist art. Aimee==
Lacan's first articles were published between 1926 An important [[moment]] in the [[history]] of [[surrealism]] is the convergence of the concern for [[language]] and the interest in [[psychoanalysis]] and 1933 while he was training as a psychiatristpsychiatry. During this time he studied many patients suffering from delusions The [[surrealists]] argued that the pathological is not meaningless and became interested in their disorders that it is a mode of languageexpression which has its own validity. His research convinced him It is possible that no psychical phenomenon could arise completely independently of the subjectLacan's personality. The major work of this period was his doctoral thesis: famous slogan 'the [[unconscious]] is [[structured]] like a language'Paranoid psychosis and its relation may owe much to the personalitysurrealists' (1932), which included a study attention to the [[linguistic]] expression of a female psychotic whom he called Aimee[[psychic]] phenomena. While not a psychoanalyst, Lacan used It has been suggested that some analytical concepts in his account [[surrealist]] [[texts]] prefigure aspects of his patient at [[Lacanian]] [[theory]]. Indeed, it could be argued that the surrealists were the first to realise that psychoanalysis is essentially a time when question of language. They fully [[understood]] why the method introduced by [[Freud ]] and [[Breuer]] was not well known in Francegiven the [[name]] 'the talking [[cure]]' by [[Anna 0. Lacan]], one of Breuer's thesis was one of [[patients]]. Besides language, the first attempts surrealists were interested in France to interpret certain aspects of [[femininity]]. '[[Woman]]-as-[[victim]]' is a psychosis common theme in terms of the total history of the patientsurrealist art.
Aimee Lacan's first articles were published between 1926 and 1933 while he was [[training]] as a thirty-eight-year-old railway clerk who inexplicably attacked one [[psychiatrist]]. During this [[time]] he studied many patients [[suffering]] from [[delusions]] and became interested in their disorders of the best-known actresses in Paris, wounding her with a knife as she entered the theatre one eveninglanguage. Aimee consistently maintained His research convinced him that no [[psychical]] phenomenon could arise completely independently of the actress, [[subject]]'s personality. The major work of this period was his doctoral thesis: '[[Paranoid]] psychosis and othersits relation to the personality' (1932), had been spreading slander about herwhich included a study of a [[female]] [[psychotic]] whom he called Aimee. She had never met her alleged persecutors While not a [[psychoanalyst]], Lacan used some analytical [[concepts]] in his account of his [[patient]] at a time when Freud was not well known in [[France]]. Aimee had literary ambitions, but her novels and poems had been repeatedly rejected by Lacan's thesis was one publisher after anotherof the first attempts in France to [[interpret]] a psychosis in [[terms]] of the [[total]] history of the patient.
It Aimee was a thirty-eight-year-old railway clerk who inexplicably attacked one of the unusual nature of her writings which first led Lacan to take an interest best-known actresses in [[Paris]], wounding her casewith a knife as she entered the theatre one evening. In his view, Aimee attacked an ideal image of woman who enjoys social freedom and power, consistently maintained that the very type of woman she hoped to become by pursuing a literary career. The dominating woman she enviedactress, and who became her persecutor[[others]], was initially embodied by had been spreading slander [[about]] her sister and then by a close woman friend to whom Aimee once admitted: 'I feel that I am masculine.' Aimee's condition, then, was rooted in a problem of identification, in a confusion of self and other. She wished to be a rich, influential novelist, and attacked the incarnation of her ambition: an actress who represented had never met her ego-idealalleged persecutors. In Lacan's view Aimee was clearly suffering from delusions of being persecuted. A remarkable feature of Aimee's delusions was that when she was found guilty before the law and imprisonedhad [[literary]] ambitions, the delusions disappeared. The wish behind but her delusions was one of unconscious self-punishment, probably in order to deal with her guilt feelings. Her psychosis was 'self-punishment paranoia'. This was novels and poems had been repeatedly rejected by one of Freud's concepts and referred to those who are criminals from a sense of guilt. Freud described how certain criminal acts give relief to subjects who suffer from oppressive feelings of guilt before the crime. He also wrote how children can quite often be naughty on purpose to provoke punishment, and then are quiet and settled publisher after the punishment[[another]].
It was the unusual [[nature]] of her writings which first led Lacan's observations led him to take an interest in her [[case]]. In his view, Aimee attacked an [[ideal]] [[image]] of woman who [[enjoys]] [[social]] [[freedom]] and [[power]], the conclusion very type of woman she hoped to become by pursuing a literary career. The dominating woman she envied, and who became her persecutor, was initially embodied by her sister and then by a close woman friend to whom Aimee once admitted: 'I feel that I am [[masculine]].' Aimee's assault on the actress condition, then, was rooted in fact a means problem of punishing herself by attacking [[identification]], in a confusion of [[self]] and [[other]]. She wished to be a rich, influential novelist, and attacked the incarnation of her [[ambition]]: an actress who represented her [[ego-ideal]]. In Lacan's comments rely heavily on Freudview Aimee was clearly suffering from delusions of [[being]] persecuted. A remarkable feature of Aimee's argument delusions was that paranoia is in part a defense against homosexualitywhen she was found [[guilty]] before the law and imprisoned, a process the delusions disappeared. The [[wish]] behind her delusions was one of disavowal (a refusal unconscious self-[[punishment]], probably in [[order]] to acknowledge) which gives rise deal with her [[guilt]] [[feelings]]. Her psychosis was 'self-punishment [[paranoia]]'. This was one of Freud's concepts and referred to the delusion those who are criminals from a [[sense]] of persecution and guilt. Freud described how certain criminal [[acts]] give relief to the identification [[subjects]] who suffer from oppressive feelings of guilt before the loved one with the persecutorcrime. In this caseHe also wrote how [[children]] can quite often be naughty on [[purpose]] to provoke punishment, and another which Lacan discusses concerning then are quiet and settled after the Papin sisters, self and other merge all too easily and gender becomes uncertainpunishment.
Lacan's observations led him to the conclusion that Aimee's assault on the actress was in fact a means of punishing herself by attacking her ideal. Lacan's comments rely heavily on Freud's argument that paranoia is in part a [[defense]] against [[homosexuality]], a [[process]] of [[disavowal]] (a [[refusal]] to acknowledge) which gives rise to the [[delusion]] of [[persecution]] and to the identification of the loved one with the persecutor. In this case, and another which Lacan discusses concerning the Papin sisters, self and other merge all too easily and [[gender]] becomes uncertain. Aimee was not only a patient of Lacan's, but was also a [[cause ]] celebrity for the surrealists. Lacan's thesis included a selection of Aimee's copious writings, which were produced at the height of her psychosis and which virtually stopped when it abated. The literary qualities of Aimee's work were much appreciated and discussed by members of the surrealist movement of which Lacan was a part. [[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
