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[[Alain Badiou]] ([[born]] 1937, Rabat, Morocco) is a prominent [[France|French]] [[left-wing]] [[philosopher]] formerly [[chair]] of [[Philosophy]] at the [[École Normale Supérieure]] (ENS).
This excess is reformulated in Žižek’s terms as the “symptom”, and exemplified by an [[economic]] crisis in the [[system]] of capitalism (''TS'Alain Badiou': 131). It is this excess that opens the [[space]] for an Event, or in Žižek’s terms the “[[traumatic]] [[encounter]] with the Real”, the Lacanian ''[[Objet (petit) a|objet petit a]]'' (born ''TS'': 141). The Event, which belongs to the [[1937domain]]of non-Being, suddenly renders [[visible]] what was [[Rabatrepressed]]or made invisible by the state. In turn, the Truth is constituted through the active [[Moroccointervention]]) is of a prominent [[France|Frenchsubject]] , who chooses to be faithful to its potential for disrupting consensual knowledge and instituting a new order of Being. In Badiou’s [[left-wingChristian]] paradigm, Christ’s Resurrection is the Event that emerges from the foundational [[philosophervoid]] formerly chair of Being-as-Being, and St [[PhilosophyPaul]] at the is [[École Normale SupérieureThe Subject|the subject]] (ENS)of the Truth-Event.
It is the relation between Event and [[mortality]] that [[drives]] a wedge between Žižek and Badiou was trained formally . Badiou’s [[theoretical]] edifice is built upon an anti-[[dialectical]] – and what Žižek criticizes as a Kantian – opposition between two [[orders]], [[Being and Event]], and therefore [[philosopherfinitude]] as a student at the ENS and immortality. His Event is radically separated from 1956 to 1961, a period during which he took courses at the death-[[University of Paris|Sorbonnedrive]]. He had a lively , and linked instead with infinity, immortality and constant interest in mathematicssubjective [[constitution]]. He was politically active very early Lacan’s [[The Act|act]], onthe contrary, is inextricable from mortality, the death-drive and was one of the founding members of the , to use Lacan’s own [[words]], “[[United Socialist Party (France)|United Socialist Partydestruction]] beyond putrefaction” (PSU''SVII'': 268). Instead of an opposition between Being and Event, an offshoot of the [[French Communist PartyLacan]]. The PSU was particularly active in insists on an “in-between” space – the struggle for “between two deaths”, the monstrous state of ''[[decolonizationlamella]] of '' – that bridges this gap. The subject’s immortality, for Lacan and Žižek after him, can emerge only from [[Algeriahuman]]finitude. He wrote Badiou’s distance from Lacan on this point is the principal weakness of his first novel, philosophy according to Žižek: “What remains beyond Badiou’s reach is [[Almagestes]the]‘domain beyond the good’, in which a human being encounters the death-drive at the utmost [[1964limit]]. In of human [[1967experience]] he joined , and pays the price by undergoing a study group organized radical ‘subjective destitution’, by being reduced to an excremental remainder” (''TS'': 161). For Žižek, the Lacanian subject’s “limit-experience” sets them apart from the Badiouian subject (''ibid''.). Since the death-drive is essential to any rupture from [[Louis Althusserthe symbolic]] and grew increasingly influenced by order, the Lacanian act is a better basis for Badiou’s notions of a new political [[Jacques Lacanpractice]]than his own Event.
As in ''[[The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology|The Ticklish Subject]]'', though, Žižek raises several points of contention. Expanding on his previous criticism of Badiou’s disavowed [[Kantianism]], Žižek criticizes his continued [[insistence]] on the opposition between the [[Real]] and the subject, between existent Being and emergent Truth, and his consequent [[refusal]] of any Lacanian ontologization of the subject. On the one hand, Žižek agrees that the excess of the Unnameable – which he translates as the “''stupidity'' of the Real” (''PV'': 325) – should not be essentialized. On the other hand, he finds the maintenance of this unbridgeable gap problematic, since it jars with Badiou’s politics of prescription: since the Truth cannot be reinserted into the ontological domain of Being, Žižek argues, it remains to-come, it refuses actualization, it is a constantly deferred possibility in the future rather than a present actuality (''ibid''.). In other words, the notion of the Event is too idealistic, because the infinite immaterial order of the Truth-Event is privileged above the [[material]], finite order of Being (PV: 166). His second problem with Badiou’s politics of prescription is that it is grounded in the [[concept]] of equality. According to Žižek, Badiou’s egalitarian political extremism (or what he terms “enforced ‘terrorist’ equality”) is “a phenomenon of ideologico-political ''[[displacement]]'': an [[index]] of its opposite, of a limitation, of a refusal actually to ‘go to the end’” (''PV'': 326). We thus [[return]] to his aforementioned [[suggestion]] that Badiou’s philosophy is not radical enough. Th is [[time]], though, Žižek insists that Badiou’s lack of radicalism is due to his abandonment not of Lacan, but of [[Marx]]. Against Marx’s crucial insertion of political emancipation into the sphere of [[economics]], Badiou refuses to [[regard]] the [[economy]] as a potential site for an Event. As Žižek points out, his four “generic procedures” – his four principal [[categories]] for Truth-[[processes]], art, [[love]], mathematics and politics – exclude economics.
==External links==
*[http://www.lacan.com/bibliographyb.htm Alain Badiou Bibliography]
*[http://www.lacan.com/frameabad.htm Alain Badiou page at lacan dot com]
*[http://students.washington.edu/schenold/badiou/ Blooded by Thought - Bibliography, Resource (updated 04.01.2006)]
===Articles by Badiou=== ====In English==References== *[http:<references //newleftreview.co.uk/Issue35.asp?Article=04 The Adventure of French Philosophy]> *[http://www.islamonline.net/English/in_depth/hijab/2004-03/article_04.shtml Behind the Scarfed Law, There is Fear] (On the [[French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools| French headscarf ban]]) *[http://positions.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/13/3/481 The Cultural Revolution: The Last Revolution?] ([[Portable Document Format| PDF]]) *[http://www.radicalphilosophy.com/default.asp?channel_id=2188&editorial_id=17175 Democratic Materialism and the Materialist Dialectic] *[http://www.lacan.com/badeight.htm Eight Theses on the Universal] *[http://positions.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/13/3/669 An Essential Philosophical Thesis: "It Is Right to Rebel against the Reactionaries"] (PDF) *[http://www.lacan.com/issue22.htm Fifteen Theses on Contemporary Art] *[http://positions.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/13/3/649 Further Selections from ''Théorie du sujet'' on the Cultural Revolution] (PDF) *[http://www.lacan.com/conceptsym.htm Highly Speculative Reasoning on the Concept of Democracy] (from ''Metapolitics'') *[http://blog.urbanomic.com/dread/archives/badiou-numbers.pdf Number and Numbers] (A partial translation of Badiou's book ''Le nombre et les nombres'' on [[Number Theory]]; PDF) *[http://www.cinestatic.com/infinitethought/2005/05/badiou-on-eu.asp On the European Constitution] *[http://www.egs.edu/faculty/badiou/badiou-truth-process-2002.html On the Truth-Process] (Lecture and discussion) *[http://www.lacan.com/divide.htm One Divides into Two] (On [[Lenin]]) *[http://www.radicalphilosophy.com/default.asp?channel_id=2188&editorial_id=10144 Philosophy and Politics] *[http://www.lacan.com/badtruth.htm The Political as a Truth Procedure] (from ''Metapolitics'') *[http://www.irrationalnumbers.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/badiou-politics.pdf Politics: a Non-expressive Dialectics] (PDF) *[http://www.lacan.com/frameXXI3.htm The Scene of Two] (English translation from ''De l'amour'') *[http://positions.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/13/3/635 Selections from ''Théorie du sujet'' on the Cultural Revolution] (PDF) *[http://www.lacan.com/symptom6_articles/badiou.html The Subject of Art] (Deitch Projects48, New York, April 1 2005) *[http://positions.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/13/3/659 The Triumphant Restoration] (PDF) *[http://www.benstebbing.co.uk/ch4.pdf What Happens] (On [[Samuel Beckett|Beckett]]; PDF) *[http://www.counterpunch.org/badiou0501.html What is to be Thought? What is to be Done?] (On the [[French presidential election106, 2002| 2002 French elections]]; written by Badiou107, [[Sylvain Lazarus]] and [[Natasha Michel]]) *[http://www.cjs.ucla.edu/Mellon/Badiou_What_Is_Love.pdf What is Love?] (PDF) ====In French==== *[http://ciepfc.rhapsodyk.net/article.php3?id_article=40 L'aveu du philosophe] *[http://www.organisationpolitique.com/distance/36_37/6_conf_A.B.pdf Considérations philosophiques sur des événements récents] (On the [[September 11108, 2001 attacks]]; PDF) *[http://orgapoli.net/article.php3?id_article=143&var_recherche=badiou De la demande de faire des lois et de la façon d'y répondre] *De la dialectique négative dans sa connexion à un certain bilan de Wagner ([http://www.entretemps.asso.fr/Adorno/Badiou part one]; [http://www.entretemps.asso.fr/Adorno/Badiou/22janvier.htm part two]) (Two lectures on [[Theodor Adorno]] and [[Richard Wagner]]) *[http://etoilerouge.chez128-alice.fr/docrevfra/ucfml2.pdf De l'idéologie] (PDF) *[http://ciepfc.rhapsodyk.net/article.php3?id_article=44 Huit thèses sur l'universel] *[http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-09,36135-710389,0.html L'humiliation ordinaire] (On the [[2005 civil unrest in France]]; [http://lecolonelchabert.blogspot.com/2005/11/badiou.html translation]) *[http://www.lacan.com/dernier.htm Notes sur ''Le Dernier des hommes''] (On the movie [[The Last Laugh]] by [[F.W. Murnau| Murnau]]) *[http://www.lacan.com/badfrench.htm Panorama de la philosophie française contemporaine] *[http://etoilerouge.chez-alice.fr/docrevfra/ucfml1.pdf Théorie de la contradiction] (PDF) *[http://multitudes.samizdat.net/article.php3?id_article=217 Un6, multiple137, multiplicité(s)] (On [[Gilles Deleuze]]) ====In other languages==== *{{es icon}} [http://www.grupoacontecimiento.com.ar/documentos/documentos.htm en "Grupo Acontecimiento"]*{{es icon}} [http://www.google.com/custom?domains=antroposmoderno.com&q=badiou&sa.x=0&sa.y=0&sa=B%9Asqueda&sitesearch=antroposmoderno.com&client=pub144-1455545019444106&forid=1&channel=9396407273&ie=ISO-8859-1&oe=ISO-8859-1&cof=GALT%3A%2339A9DB%3BGL%3A1%3BDIV%3A%23000000%3BVLC%3A39A9DB%3BAH%3Aleft%3BBGC%3A404040%3BLBGC%3A000000%3BALC%3A39A9DB%3BLC%3A39A9DB%3BT%3AFFFFFF%3BGFNT%3A39A9DB%3BGIMP%3A39A9DB%3BLH%3A50%3BLW%3A261%3BL%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.antroposmoderno.com%2FPix%2Flogo_nuevo_g_antro.gif%3BS%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2F%3BFORID%3A1%3B&hl=es en "antroposmoderno"]*{{es icon}} [http://agora.ya.com/ivian/badiou.html en "Turbulencias"]*{{es icon}} [http://www.elortiba.org/badiou.html La Etica] (Translation of Badiou's book on [[ethics]])*{{es icon}} [http://www.nietzscheana.com.ar/badiou.htm Nietzsche5, filosofía y antifilosofía] (On [[Friedrich Nietzsche]])*{{it icon}} [http://www.kainos.it/Pages/artic%20emer02.html Il cinema come falso movimento]*{{it icon}} [http://www.kainos.it/Pages/artic%20emer04.html Si può parlare di un film?] ===Interviews=== * [http://mambo.agrnews.rack2.purplecat.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=270&Itemid=2 AGR interviews Professor Alain Badiou] (Badiou interviewed by Shane Perlowin) * Being by Numbers ([http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0268/is_n2_v33/ai_16315394 part one]; [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0268/is_n2_v33/ai_16315394/pg_2 part two]; [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0268/is_n2_v33/ai_16315394/pg_3 part three]; [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0268/is_n2_v33/ai_16315394/pg_4 part four]; [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0268/is_n2_v33/ai_16315394/pg_5 part five]; Badiou interviewed by Lauren Sedofsky) *[http://ciepfc.rhapsodyk.net/article.php3?id_article=48 Beyond Formalisation] (Badiou interviewed by Peter Hallward and Bruno Bosteels; questions in English, answers in French) *[http://www.lacan.com/lacinkXXIII6.htm A Conversation with Alain Badiou] (Badiou interviewed by Mario Goldenberg) *{{es icon}} [http://www.grupoacontecimiento.com.ar/documentos/entrebadiou.pdf "Las democracias están en guerra contra los pobres"] (Badiou interviewed by Héctor Pavón; PDF) *{{es icon}} [http://www.lacan.com/jgbadiouf.htm Entrevista a Alain Badiou] (Badiou interviewed by Julia Goldenberg) *{{fr icon}} [http://multitudes.samizdat.net/article.php3?id_article=620 L’être, l’événement, la militance] (Badiou interviewed by Nicole-Édith Thévenin) *{{es icon}} [http://www.rebelion.org/cultura/040426ln.htm "Las ideas existen y tienen poder"] (Badiou interviewed by Pedro B. Rey)158
===Video=References==*[http://www.tate.org.uk/onlineevents/archive/deleuze/deleuze_day1_2.ram Immanent Choreographies: Deleuze and Neo-Aesthetics] (Lecture and discussion)*[http://www.egs.edu/video/alain-badiou-2003-hi-us.ram On Beckett]*[http://www.egs.edu/video<references /alainbadiou_us.ram On the Construction of a Truth]>
[[Category:1937 birthsPeople|Badiou, Alain]][[Category:Living peopleIndex|Badiou, Alain]][[Category:20th century philosophers|Badiou, Alain]][[Category:Continental philosophers|Badiou, Alain]][[Category:French philosophersTarrying with the Negative|Badiou, Alain]][[Category:Alumni of the École Normale Supérieure|Badiou, AlainZizek Dictionary]]