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{{Top}}demande{{Bottom}}
==Jacques Lacan==
==Early Work==
Although [[Lacan]] begins to use the term "[[demand]]" only begins to figure prominently in [[Lacan]]'s work from 1958 on, related themes are already present in the 1956-7 seminar.
Although In the term [[seminar]] of 1956-7, [[Lacan]] argues that the '''cry''' of the '''[[helplessness|human infant]]''' -- its '''call''' (''l'appel'') to the '''[[mother]]''' -- is not merely an [[instinct|instinctual signal]] but is "inserted in a [[synchronic]] [[world]] of cries organized in a symbolic [[demandsystem]]." only begins to figure prominently <ref>{{S4}} p. 182, 188</ref> In other [[words]], the [[infant]]'s screams become organized in a [[linguistic]] [[structure]] long before the [[child]] is capable of articulating recognizable words. ==Need, Demand and Desire==It is the [[symbolic|symbolic nature]] of the infant's screams which forms the kernel of [[Lacan]]'s work from [[concept]] of [[demand]], which Lacan introduces in 1958 in the context of his [[distinction]] between [[need]], [[demand]] and [[desire]]. ==Articulation of Need==Lacan argues that since the [[infant]] is incapable of performing the specific actions that would [[satisfy]] its [[biological]] [[need]]s, it must articulate those [[need]]s in vocal [[form]] ([[demand]]s) so that [[another]] (the [[mother]]) will perform the specific [[action]] instead. The primary example of such a [[biological]] [[need]] is hunger, which the [[child]] articulates in a scream ([[demand]]) so that the [[mother]] will feed it. ==Demand for the Other's Love==However, because the object]] which [[satisfies]] the [[child]]'s [[need]] is provided by another, it takes onthe added [[significance]] of [[being]] a proof of the [[Other]]'s [[love]]. Accordingly [[demand]] too acquires a [[double]] function: in addition to articualting a [[need]], it also becomes a [[demand]] for [[love]]. And just as the [[symbolic]] function of the [[object]] as a proof of [[love]] overshadows its [[real]] function as that which [[satisfies]] a [[need]], so too the [[symbolic]] [[dimension]] of [[demand]] (as a [[demand]] for [[love]]) eclipses its real function (as an articulation of [[need]]). =Desire=It is this double function which gives [[birth]] to [[desire]], since while the [[need]]s which [[demand]] articulates may be [[satisfied]], related themes are the craving for [[love]] is unconditional and [[insatiable]], and hence persists as a leftover even after the [[need]]s have been satisfied; this leftover constitutes [[desire]]. ==Helplessness==[[Demand]] is thus intimately linked to the [[human]] [[subject]]'s initial [[helplessness]]. By forcing the [[analysand]] to express himself entirely in [[speech]], the [[treatment|psychoanalytic situation]] puts him back in the [[position]] of the [[helpless]] [[infant]], thus encouraging [[regression]]. <blockquote>"Through the mediation of the demand, the [[whole]] [[past]] opens up [[right]] to early infancy. [[The Subject|The subject]] has never done anything other than demand, he could not have survived otherwise, an we just follow on from there."<ref>{{E}} p. 254</ref></blockquote> ==Analysand==However, while the [[speech]] of the [[analysand]] is itself already present a [[demand]] (for a reply), this [[demand]] is underpinned by deeper [[demand]]s (to be [[cure]]d, to be revealed to himself, to become an [[analyst]]).<ref>{{E}} p. 254</ref> ==Analyst==The question of how the [[analyst]] engages with these [[demands]] is crucial. Certainly the [[analyst]] does not attempt to gratify the [[analysand]]'s [[demand]]s, but nor is it simply a question of [[frustration|frustrating]] [[them]]. ==Development==In 1961, [[Lacan]] rethinks the various [[stages]] of [[libidinal]] organisation as forms of [[demand]]. The [[development|oral phase]] of [[development]] is constituted by a [[demand]] (made by the [[subject]]) to be fed (which is a [[demand]] made by the [[subject]]). In the [[development|anal stage]], on the other hand, it is not a question of the [[subject]]'s [[demand]], but the [[demand]] of the [[Other]] (the parent who disciplines the child in potty-[[training]]).<ref>{{S8}} p. 238-46, 269</ref> In both of these [[Seminar IVdevelopment|pregenital stage]]s the seminar [[satisfaction]] of 1956[[demand]] eclipses [[desire]]; only in the [[genital stage]] does [[desire]] comes to be fully constituted.<ref>{{S8}} p. 270</ref> ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Analysand]]* [[Analyst]]||* [[Biology]]* [[Development]]||* [[Desire]]* [[Love]]||* [[Mother]]* [[Need]]||* [[Other]]* [[Speech]]||* [[Structure]]* [[Treatment]]{{Also}} ==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-7small"><references/></div> [[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]][[Category:Dictionary]][[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Practice]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Terms]]{{OK}} __NOTOC__
