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Demand

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Although the term "[[demand]]" only begins to figure prominently in [[Lacan]]'s work from 1958 on, related themes are already present in [[Seminar IV|the 1956-7 seminar]].{{Top}}demande{{Bottom}}
It is in this [[seminar]] that [[==Jacques Lacan]] discusses the call (''l'appel''), the baby's cry to the [[mother]].<ref>{{S4}} p.182</ref>====Early Work==
[[Lacan]] argues that this cry (''cri'') is not merely an begins to use the term "[[instinctual]demand] [[signal]] but "is inserted in a synchronic world of cries organized in a symbolic system.<ref>{{S4}} p1958.188</ref>
In other words, the [[infant]]'s screams become organized in a [[linguistic]] [[structure]] long before the child is capable of articulating recognizable words.
In the [[seminar]] of 1956-7, [[Lacan]] argues that the '''cry''' of the '''[[helplessness|human infant]]''' -- its '''call''' (''l'appel'') to the '''[[mother]]''' -- is not merely an [[instinct|instinctual signal]] but is "inserted in a [[synchronic]] [[world]] of cries organized in a symbolic [[system]]."<ref>{{S4}} p. 182, 188</ref>
--------------In other [[words]], the [[infant]]'s screams become organized in a [[linguistic]] [[structure]] long before the [[child]] is capable of articulating recognizable words.
==Need, Demand and Desire==It is the [[symbolic|symbolic nature ]] of the infant's screams which forms thekernel the kernel of [[Lacan]]'s [[concept ]] of [[demand]], which Lacan introduces in 1958 in the context of his [[distinction ]] between [[need]], [[demand ]] and [[desire]].
==Articulation of Need==Lacan argues that since the [[infant ]] is incapable of performingthe performing the specific actions that would [[satisfy ]] its [[biological needs]] [[need]]s, it must articulate those needs [[need]]s in vocal [[form ]] (demands[[demand]]s) so that [[another ]] (the [[mother]]) will perform the specific [[action ]] instead.
The primary example of such a [[biological ]] [[need ]] is hunger, which the [[child ]] articulates in a scream (Demand[[demand]]) so that the [[mother ]] will feed it.
---==Demand for the Other's Love==However, because the object]] which [[satisfies]] the [[child]]'s [[need]] is provided by another, it takes on the added [[significance]] of [[being]] a proof of the [[Other]]'s [[love]].
However, because the object which satisfies the child's Accordingly [[demand]] too acquires a [[double]] function: in addition to articualting a [[need is provided by another]], it takes on the added significance of being also becomes a proof of the Other's [[demand]] for [[love]].
Accordingly demand too acquires And just as the [[symbolic]] function of the [[object]] as a double proof of [[love]] overshadows its [[real]] function: in addition toarticualting as that which [[satisfies]] a [[need]], it also becomes so too the [[symbolic]] [[dimension]] of [[demand]] (as a [[demand ]] for [[love]]) eclipses its real function (as an articulation of [[need]]).
And just as =Desire=It is this double function which gives [[birth]] to [[desire]], since while the symbolic funciton of the object as a proof of love overshadows its real funciton as that [[need]]s which satisfies a need[[demand]] articulates may be [[satisfied]], so too the symbolic dimension of demand (as a demand craving for [[love) eclipses its real function (]] is unconditional and [[insatiable]], and hence persists as an articulation of a leftover even after the [[need)]]s have been satisfied; this leftover constitutes [[desire]].
It ==Helplessness==[[Demand]] is this double function which gives birth thus intimately linked to desire, since while the needs which demand articulates may be satisfied, the craving for love is unconditional and insatiable, and hence persists as a leftover even after the neeeds have been satisfied; this leftover constitutes desire[[human]] [[subject]]'s initial [[helplessness]].
--------------By forcing the [[analysand]] to express himself entirely in [[speech]], the [[treatment|psychoanalytic situation]] puts him back in the [[position]] of the [[helpless]] [[infant]], thus encouraging [[regression]].
<blockquote>"Through the mediation of the demand, the [[whole]] [[past]] opens up [[right]] to early infancy. [[The Subject|The subject]] has never done anything other than demand, he could not have survived otherwise, an we just follow on from there."<ref>{{E}} p. 254</ref></blockquote>
==Analysand==
However, while the [[speech]] of the [[analysand]] is itself already a [[demand]] (for a reply), this [[demand]] is underpinned by deeper [[demand]]s (to be [[cure]]d, to be revealed to himself, to become an [[analyst]]).<ref>{{E}} p. 254</ref>
==Analyst==
The question of how the [[analyst]] engages with these [[demands]] is crucial.
Certainly the [[analyst]] does not attempt to gratify the [[analysand]]'s [[demand]]s, but nor is it simply a question of [[frustration|frustrating]] [[them]].
==Development==
In 1961, [[Lacan]] rethinks the various [[stages]] of [[libidinal]] organisation as forms of [[demand]].
The [[development|oral phase]] of [[development]] is constituted by a [[demand]] (made by the [[subject]]) to be fed (which is a [[demand]] made by the [[subject]]).
In the [[development|anal stage]], on the other hand, it is not a question of the [[subject]]'s [[demand]], but the [[demand]] of the [[Other]] (the parent who disciplines the child in potty-[[training]]).<ref>{{S8}} p. 238-46, 269</ref>
In both of these [[development|pregenital stage]]s the [[satisfaction]] of [[demand]] eclipses [[desire]]; only in the [[genital stage]] does [[desire]] comes to be fully constituted.<ref>{{S8}} p. 270</ref>
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Analysand]]
* [[Analyst]]
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* [[Biology]]
* [[Development]]
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* [[Desire]]
* [[Love]]
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* [[Mother]]
* [[Need]]
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* [[Other]]
* [[Speech]]
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* [[Structure]]
* [[Treatment]]
{{Also}}
==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references--------------------small"><references/></div>
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Practice]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
{{OK}}
In 1961, [[Lacan]] rethinks the various stages of libidinal organisation as forms of [[demand]].  The [[oral phase]] of [[development]] is constituted by a [[demand]] (made by the subject) to be fed (which is a demand made by the subject). In the anal stage, on the other hand, it is not a question of the subject's demand, but the demand of the Other (the parent who disciplines the child in potty-training).<ref>{{S8}} p.238-46, 269</ref> In both of these pregenital stages the satisfaction of demand eclipses desire; only in the genital stage does desire comes to be fully constituted.<ref>{{S8}} p.270</ref>__NOTOC__
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