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{{Les termesTop}}demande{{Bottom}}

The French terms demander and demande lack the connotations of imperativeness and urgency conveyed by [[Lacan]] begins to use the English word 'term "[[demand', and are perhaps closer to the English words 'ask for' and 'request']]" in 1958.

Although In the term [[seminar]] of 1956-7, [[Lacan]] argues that the '''cry''' of the '''[[helplessness|human infant]]''' -- its '''call''' ('demand' only begins l'appel'') to figure prominently the '''[[mother]]''' -- is not merely an [[instinct|instinctual signal]] but is "inserted in Lacan's work from 1958 on, related themes are already present a [[synchronic]] [[world]] of cries organized in the 1956-7 seminara symbolic [[system]]."<ref>{{S4}} p.182, 188</ref>

It is in this seminar that Lacan discusses the call (l'appel), the baby's cry to the mother.<ref>S4, 182</ref> Lacan argues that this cry (cri) is not merely an instinctual signal but 'is inserted in a synchronic world of cries organised in a symbolic system'.<ref>S4, 188</ref> In other [[words]], the [[infant]]'s screams become organised organized in a [[linguistic ]] [[structure ]] long before the [[child ]] is capable of articulating recognisable recognizable words.

==Need, Demand and Desire==It is the [[symbolic|symbolic nature ]] of the infant's screams which forms the kernel of [[Lacan]]'s [[concept ]] of [[demand]], which Lacan introduces in 1958 in the context of his [[distinction ]] between [[need]], [[demand ]] and [[desire]]. Lacan argues that since the infant is incapable of performing the specific actions that would satisfy its biological needs, it must articulate those needs in vocal form (demands) so that another (the mother) will perform the specific action instead. The primary example of such a biological need is hunger, which the child articulates in a scream (a demand) so that the mother will feed it.

However, because ==Articulation of Need==Lacan argues that since the object which satisfies [[infant]] is incapable of performing the child'specific actions that would [[satisfy]] its [[biological]] [[need]]s , it must articulate those [[need is provided by ]]s in vocal [[form]] ([[demand]]s) so that [[another, it takes on ]] (the added significance of being a proof of [[mother]]) will perform the Other's lovespecific [[action]] instead.

Accordingly demand too acquires a double function: in addition to articulating The primary example of such a [[biological]] [[need]] is hunger, it also becomes a demand for love. And just as which the symbolic function of the object as a proof of love overshadows its real function as that which satisfies [[child]] articulates in a need, so too the symbolic dimension of demand scream (as a [[demand for love]]) eclipses its real function (as an articulation of need). It is this double function which gives birth to desire, since while so that the needs which demand articulates may be satisfied, the craving for love is unconditional and insatiable, and hence persists as a leftover even after the needs have been satisfied; this leftover constitutes desire[[mother]] will feed it.

==Demand is thus intimately linked to for the human subjectOther's initial Love==However, because the object]] which [[helplessnesssatisfies]]. By forcing the analysand to express himself entirely in speech[[child]]'s [[need]] is provided by another, it takes on the psychoanalytic situation puts him back in the position added [[significance]] of [[being]] a proof of the helpless infant, thus encouraging [[regressionOther]]'s [[love]].

Through the mediation of the Accordingly [[demand]] too acquires a [[double]] function: in addition to articualting a [[need]], the whole past opens up right down to early infancy. The subject has never done anything other than it also becomes a [[demand, he could not have survived otherwise, and we just follow on from there]] for [[love]].<ref>E, 254</ref>

However, while And just as the speech [[symbolic]] function of the analysand is itself already [[object]] as a proof of [[love]] overshadows its [[real]] function as that which [[satisfies]] a [[need]], so too the [[symbolic]] [[dimension]] of [[demand ]] (as a [[demand]] for a reply[[love]]), this demand is underpinned by deeper demands eclipses its real function (to be cured, to be revealed to himself, to become as an analyst).<ref>E, 254</ref> The question of how the analyst engages with these demands is crucial. Certainly the analyst does not attempt to gratify the analysand's demands, but nor is it simply a question articulation of frustrating them (see [[frustrationneed]]).

In 1961, Lacan rethinks the various stages of libidinal organisation as forms of demand. The oral stage =Desire=It is constituted by a demand this double function which gives [[birth]] to be fed[[desire]], since while the [[need]]s which is a [[demand made by the subject. In the anal stage]] articulates may be [[satisfied]], on the other handcraving for [[love]] is unconditional and [[insatiable]], it is not and hence persists as a question of leftover even after the subject'[[need]]s demand, but the demand of the Other (the parent who disciplines the child in potty-training).<ref>S8, 238-46, 269</ref> In both of these pregenital stages the satisfaction of demand eclipses desirehave been satisfied; only in the genital stage does this leftover constitutes [[desire come to be fully constituted]].<ref>S8, 270</ref>

==defHelplessness==The concept of demand [[Demand]] is not Freudian. It was developed by Jacques Lacan, who thus intimately linked it with need and desire (Lacan, 1966, 1991). Demand is identifiable by the five clinical traits that constitute it, by the status that it gives the object, by its function in relation to the Other, and finally by its topological register[[human]] [[subject]]'s initial [[helplessness]].

Regarding demandBy forcing the [[analysand]] to express himself entirely in [[speech]], we can say that 1) it arises only from speech; 2) it is addressed to someone; 3) it is nevertheless only implicit; 4) it is related to a need for lovethe [[treatment|psychoanalytic situation]] puts him back in the [[position]] of the [[helpless]] [[infant]], but also to desire; 5) it does not need to be..thus encouraging [[regression]].

In ==Analysand==However, while the [[Lacanspeech]]ian of the [[psychoanalysisanalysand]], a '''demand''' results when is itself already a [[lack demand]] (psychoanalysisfor a reply)|lack]] in , this [[the Realdemand]] is phrased into underpinned by deeper [[the Symbolicdemand]] medium of s (to be [[languagecure]]. Whether or not demands achieve their apparent aimsd, to be revealed to himself, they are always successful in the sense that all parapraxes or slips of the tongue are successful - they faithfully express to become an [[unconsciousanalyst]] signifying formations).<ref>{{E}} p. 254</ref>

But because ==Analyst==The question of how the Real is never totally symbolizable, a residue or kernel of [[desire (psychoanalysis)|desireanalyst]] is left behind by every demand, representing a lost surplus of engages with these [[jouissancedemands]] for the [[subject (philosophy)|subject]]. "Don't give me what I ask for, that's not itis crucial."

==ref==Certainly the [[analyst]] does not attempt to gratify the [[analysand]]'s [[demand]]s, 154-6, 209, 235, 269, 271, 273-4,278 but nor is it simply a question of [[frustration|frustrating]] [[them]].

<ref>'''The Four Fundamental Concepts [[development|oral phase]] of Psychoanalysis'''[[development]] is constituted by a [[demand]] (made by the [[subject]]) to be fed (which is a [[demand]] made by the [[subject]]). Ed. J.-A. Miller. Trans. A. Sheridan. London: Hogarth Press, 1977.</ref>

==See Also==[[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]][[Category:Dictionary]]* ''[[Seminar XI|The Four Fundamental Category:Treatment]][[Category:Practice]][[Category:Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]''[[Category:Terms]]{{OK}}