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(''{{Top}}déni'')Freud uses the term ''Verleugnung'' to denote "a specific mode of defence which consists in the subject's refusing to recognize the reality of a traumatic perception.<ref>Laplanche and Pontalis 1967: 118</ref>{{Bottom}}

He introduces ==Sigmund Freud====''Verleugnung''==[[Freud]] uses the term ''[[Disavowal|Verleugnung]]'' to denote "a specific mode of [[defence]] which consists in 1923 in connection with the [[Castration Complexsubject]], 's refusing to recognize the reality of a [[traumatic ]] [[perception being the sight of the female genitalia; when children first discover the absence of the penis in the girl, they "disavow the fact and believe that they do see a penis all the same]]."<ref>FreudLaplanche, Jean and Pontalis, Jean-Bertrand. ''The [[Language]] of [[Psycho]]-[[Analysis]]'', trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith, 1923e[[London]]: SE XIX: 143Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-4Analysis, 1973 [1967]. p. 118</ref>

Freud continues to employ ==Castration Complex==He introduces the term throughout in 1923 in connection with the rest [[castration complex]], the traumatic perception [[being]] the [[sight]] of the work[[female]] [[biology|genitalia]]; when [[child]]ren first discover the [[absence]] of the [[penis]] in the [[girl]], linking it specifically both to psychosis they "disavow the fact and to fetishismbelieve that they do see a penis all the [[time]]."<ref>{{F}}. "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Infantile Genital Organization]]", 1923e. [[SE]] XIX. pp.143-4</ref>

In these clinical conditions, disavowal is always accompanied by ==Psychosis and Fetishism==[[Freud]] continues to employ the term throughout the opposite attitude (acceptance rest of reality)his [[work]], since linking it is "rarely or perhaps never" possible for "the ego's detachment from reality specifically both to [[psychosis]] and to be carried through completely[[fetishism]]."<ref>freud, 1940a: SE XXIII, 201</ref>

The coexistence in =="Splitting of the ego Ego"==In these [[treatment|clinical conditions]], [[disavowal]] is always accompanied by the opposite attitude (acceptance of these two contradictory attitudes to [[reality leads to what Freud terms ]]), since it is "rarely or perhaps never" possible for "the splitting of the ego's detachment from reality to be carried through completely." (See <ref>{{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|An Outline of Psycho-Analysis]]'', 1940a. [[SplitSE]])XXIII. p. 201</ref>

==Jacques Lacan====Repression and Foreclosure==While [[Freud]]'s use of the term is quite consistent, he does not distinguish the term rigorously from the other related operations.

[[Lacan]], however, works the term into a rigorous [[theory]], relating it and contrasting it specifically with the operations of [[repression]] and [[foreclosure]].

==Perversion==Whereas [[Freud ahd ]] had only linked [[disavowal ]] to one [[form ]] of [[perversion]], [[Lacan ]] makes it the fundamental operation in all forms of [[perversion]].

And whereas [[Freud ]] had also linked [[disavowal ]] with [[psychosis]], [[Lacan ]] limits [[disavowal ]] exclusively to the [[structure ]] of [[perversion]].

[[Disavowal ]] is the fundamental operation in [[perversion]], just as [[repression ]] and [[foreclosure ]] are the fundamental operations in [[neurosis]] and [[psychosis]].

Thus, in [[Lacan]]'s account, [[disavowal ]] is one way of responding to the [[castration]] of the [[Other]]; , whereas the [[neurotic represses ]] [[repress]]es the realization of [[castration]], the [[pervert ]] disavows it.

Like Freud, Lacan asserts that disavowal Thus the [[pervert]] is always accompanied by a silmultaneous acknowledgement not simply [[knowledge|ignorant]] of what is disavowed[[castration]]; he simultaneously [[knowledge|knows]] it and denies it.

Thus Whereas the peervert is not simply ignorant term [[disavowal]] originally denotes, in [[Freud]]'s work, only one side of this operation (the side of [[denial]]), for [[Lacan]] the term comes to denote both sides, the simultaneous [[denial]] and [[recognition]] of [[castration; he simultaneously knows it and denies it]].

Whereas the term isavowal originally denotes, in Freud's work, only one side of this operation (the side of denial), for Lacan the term comes to denote both sides, the simultaneous denial ==Lack and recognition of castration.Desire==

Whereas Freud relates It is this realization that [[disavowal]] concerns; [[disavowal ]] is the failure to the perception of the absence of the penis in womenaccept that [[lack]] causes [[desire]], Lacan relates it to the realization of the absence of [[belief]] that [[desire]] is caused by a [[presence]] (e.g. the [[phallusfetish]] in the Other).

The traumatic perception is, in Lacan's acccount, the realization that the cause of desire is always a lack. it is this realization that disavowal concerns; disavowal is the failure to accept that lack causes desire, the belief that desire is caused by a presence (e.g. the fetish).==defSee Also==The term "disavowal" (Verleugnung), often translated as "denial," denotes a mental act that consists in rejecting the reality of a perception on account of its potentially traumatic associations. The notion of disavowal made its appearance rather late in Freud's work. For years he was content to describe the little boy's refusal to recognize the absence of a penis in a little girl, as observed in clinical practice, without employing a specific term. Thus, in his "On the Sexual Theories of Children" (1908c) and in the case history of...{{See}}* [[Absence]]* [[Castration complex|Castration]]||== See Also ==* [[Desire]]

== References ==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">