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Whereas [[instinct]] denotes a [[mythical]] [[linguistic|pre-linguistic]] [[need]], the [[drive]] is completely removed from the realm of [[biology]]. ====Aim of the Drive and Instinct====The [[drive]]s differ from [[biological]] [[need]]s in that they can never be [[satisfied]], and do not aim at an [[object]] but rather circle perpetually round it. [[Lacan]] follows argues that the [[Freudpurpose]]'s distinction between of the [[drive]] (''Trieb[[Triebziel]]'') is not to reach a '' and [[instinctgoal]] '' (a final destination) but to follow its ''Instinktaim''(the way itself), which is to circle round the [[object]].<ref>{{ES11}} p.301168</ref> Thus the [[real]] purpose of the [[drive]] is not some mythical goal of [[full]] [[satisfaction]], but to [[return]] to its circular path, and [[The Real|the real]] source of [[enjoyment]] is the [[repetition|repetitive movement]] of this closed circuit. ====Drive as Cultural and Symbolic Construct====[[Lacan]] reminds his readers that [[Freud]] defined the [[drive]] as a montage composed of four discontinuous elements: the pressure, the end, the object and the source. The [[drive]] cannot therefore be conceived of as "some ultimate given, something archaic, primordial."<ref>{{S11}} p.162</ref> It is a thoroughly [[culture|cultural]] and [[symbolic]] [[construct]]. [[Lacan]] thus empties the concept of the [[drive]] of the lingering references in [[Freud]]'s [[work]] to energetics and hydraulics. ==The Circuit of the Drive==[[Lacan]] incorporates the four elements of the [[drive]] in his theory of the [[drive]]'s circuit. In this circut, the [[drive]] originates in an [[erogenous zone]].
This circuit is [[Instinctstructured]]s are relatively fixed and innateby the [[three]] [[grammatical]] voices.
# The [[Instinctactive]] denotes a [[myth]]ical pre-linguistic [[needvoice]](e.g.to see)
# The [[Drive]] is separate from the realm of [[biologypassive]]voice (e.g.to be seen)
===Activity and Passivity===The first of these two [[drivetimes]] (active and reflexive voices) are autoerotic; they [[lack]] a [[subject]] does not refer to "some ultimate given, something archaic, primordial."<ref>{{S11}} p. 162</ref>
Although the [[third time]] is the passive voice, the [[drive]] is always essentially active, which is why [[Lacan]] writes that the third time not as "to be seen" but as "to make oneself be seen."
Even supposedly "passive" phases of the [[drive]] such as [[masochism]] involve [[activity]].<ref>{{S11}} p.200</ref>
==The Partial Nature of the Drives==[[Freud]] argued that [[sexuality]] is composed of a [[number]] of [[drive|partial drives]]s are partial (in that they represent [[sexualityGer]]. ''[[drive|Partieltrieb]] partially'') such as the [[drive|oral drive]] and the [[drive|anal drive]], each specified by a different source (not in the sense that they are parts of a wholedifferent [[erotogenic]] zone).
At first these component [[Drivedrive]]s do not represent function anarchically and independently (viz. the reproductive function "[[polymorphous perversity]]" of sexuality ([[children]]), but only in [[puberty]] they become organized and fused together under the dimension priamcy of enjoyment)the [[genital]] organs.<ref>{{S11F}} p.2041905d.</ref>
===Differences between Freud and Lacan===
[[Lacan]] emphasizes the partial [[nature]] of all [[drive]]s, but differs from [[Freud]] on two points:
# [[Lacan]] rejects the [[idea]] that the partial drives can ever attain any [[complete]] organization or fusion, aruging that the priamcy of the genital zone, if achieved, is always a highly precarious affair.
: He thus challenges the [[notion]], put forward by some [[psychoanalysts]] after [[LacanFreud]] rejects the idea that , of a [[genital drive]] in which the partial drives can ever attain any complete organisation or fusionare completely integrated in a [[harmonious]] relation.
# [[Lacan]] identifies four partial argues that the [[drive]]s:* are partial, not in the [[oralsense]] that thy are parts of a [[drivewhole]]* (a 'genital drive'), but in the sense that they only [[anal]] [[driverepresent]]* sexuality partially; they do not represent the [[scopic]] [[drivereproductive]]* function of sexuality but only the [[invocatory]] [[drivedimension]]of enjoyment.<ref>{{S11}} p.204</ref>
===The Four Partial Drives===[[Lacan]] emphasizes the [[identifies]] four partial nature of all drives: the [[drive|oral drive]], but differs from the [[drive|anal drive]], the [[drive|scopic drive]], and the [[Freuddrive|invocatory drive]] on two points.
The first two [[drive]] originates in an s relate to [[erogenous zonedemand]], circles round whereas the [[object]], and then returns second pair relate to the [[erogenous zonedesire]].
==The function Lacanian Matheme for the Drive==In 1957, in the context of the [[graph of desire]], [[Lacan]] proposes the [[formula]] ('''S <> D''') as the [[drivematheme]] is not to attain full for the [[satisfactiondrive]] but to return to its circular path.
==The Dualism of the Drives=====Sigmund Freud: Life and Death===Throughout the various reformulations of drive-theory in [[DesireFreud]] 's work, one constant feature is one and undivided, whereas the drives are partial manifestations of a basic [[desiredualism]].
===Jacques Lacan: Symbolic and Imaginary===[[Lacan]] prefers argues that it is important to reconceptualise this dualism in terms of an opposition between the retain [[symbolicFreud]] 's dualism, and rejects the monism of [[imaginaryJung]], and not in terms of an opposition between different kinds who argued that all [[psychic]] forces could be reduced to one single concept of psychic [[driveenergy]]s. <ref>{{S1}} p.118-20</ref>
==FormulaDrive and Desire==In 1957, The [[drive]]s are closely related to [[desire]]; both originate in the context field of the [[graph of desiresubject]], as opposed to the [[Lacandrive|genital drive]] proposes the , which (if it [[formulaexists]] (SO D) as the finds its [[mathemeform]] for on the side of the [[driveOther]]. <ref>{{S11}} p.189</ref>
[[Desire]] is one and undivided, whereas the [[drive]]s are partial manifestations of [[desire]].
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Biology]]
* [[Death drive]]
* [[Demand]]
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* [[Desire]]
* [[Instinct]]
* [[Need]]
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* [[Pleasure principle]]
* [[Sexuality]]
* [[Subject]]
{{Also}}
==References==
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[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Science]]
[[Category:Real]]
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