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{{Top}}instincts|instinct{{Bottom}}
==Translation==
[[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]] in distinguishing the [[instinct]]s from the [[drive]]s, and criticizing those who obscure this distinction by using the same English word ("[[instinct]]") to translate both [[Freud]]'s terms (''[[Instinkt]]'' and ''[[Trieb]]'').<ref>{{E}} p. 301</ref>
==Biology==
"[[Instinct]]" is a purely ''[[biological]]'' concept and belongs to the study of [[animal]] [[ethology]].
==Drive==
Whereas [[animal]]s are driven by [[instincts]], which are relatively rigid and invariable, and imply a direct relation to an [[object]], [[human]] [[sexuality]] is a matter of [[drives]], which are very variable and never attain their [[object]].
==Need==Although [[Jacques Lacan]] -- following uses the term "[[Sigmund Freudinstinct]] -- distinguishes " frequently in his early work, after 1950 he uses the word less frequently, preferring instead to reconceptualize the concept of [[instinctsinstinct]] from the in terms of [[drivesneed]].
==Human Biology==From his earliest works, [[Jacques Lacan]] -- following criticizes those who attempt to understand human behavior purely in terms of [[Sigmund Freud]] -- distinguishes [[instincts]] from [[drivesinstinct]]s, arguing that this is to suppose a harmonious relation between man and the world, which does not in fact exist.<ref>{{Ec}} p.88</ref>
The concept of [[instinct]] supposes some kind of direct innact [[knowledge]] of the [[object]] which is of an almost moral character.<ref>{{Ec}} p.851</ref>
Against such ideas, [[Lacan]] insists thqat there is something inadequate about [[human]] [[biology]], a feature which he indicates in the phrases "vital insufficiency" (''insuffisance vitale'').<ref>{{Ec}} p.90</ref> and "congenital insufficiency".
The fact that [[human]] [[psychology]] is dominated by [[complex]]es (which are determined entirely by cultural and social factors) rather than by [[instinct]]s, means that any explanation of human behavior that does not take social factors into account is useless.
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Biology]]
* [[Complex]]
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* [[Drive]]
* [[Helplessness]]
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* [[Nature]]
* [[Psychology]]
{{Also}}
== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
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