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The questions of whether [[Freud]]'s views can be considered materialistic or not is difficult to answer.
On the one hand, he insisted on the importance of the physical substratum of all mental events, in keeping with the materialist axioms of the [[science|scientists]] whom he had mos trespected most respected during his studies (principally Hermann Helmholtz and Ernst Brücke).
On th eother hand, he opposed Charcot's attempts to explain all [[hysterical]] [[symptoms]] by reference to lesions in the brain, distinguished psychical reality from material reality, and constantly emphasized the role of experience rather than hereditary in the aetiology of nervous illness.
