Difference between revisions of "Partial object"
(The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles">https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles</a>).) |
|||
| (8 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | + | {{Top}}[[objet]] partiel{{Bottom}} | |
| − | ==Melanie Klein== | + | =====Melanie Klein===== |
| − | According to [[Melanie Klein]], the [[infant]]'s underdeveloped capacity for perception, together with the fact that he is only concerned with his immediate gratifications, means that the [[subject]] begins by relating only to a part of a person rather than the whole. | + | =====Child Development===== |
| + | According to [[Melanie Klein]], the [[infant]]'s underdeveloped capacity for [[perception]], together with the fact that he is only concerned with his immediate gratifications, means that the [[subject]] begins by relating only to a part of a person rather than the whole. The primordial [[part-object]] is, according to [[Klein]], the [[mother]]'s [[breast]]. As the [[child]]'s [[visual]] [[apparatus]] develops, so also does his capacity to perceive [[people]] as whole [[object]]s rather than collections of [[separate]] parts. | ||
| − | + | =====Sigmund Freud===== | |
| − | + | While the term "[[part-object]]" was first introduced by the [[Kleinian]] [[school]] of [[psychoanalysis]], the origins of the [[concept]] can be traced back to [[Karl Abraham]]'s [[work]] and ultimately to [[Freud]]. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ==Sigmund Freud== | ||
| − | While the term "[[part-object]]" was first introduced by the [[Kleinian]] [[school]] of [[psychoanalysis]], the origins of the concept can be traced back to [[Karl Abraham]]'s work and ultimately to [[Freud]]. | ||
| + | =====Partial Drives===== | ||
For example, when [[Freud]] states that [[drive|partial drive]]s are directed towards [[object]]s such as the [[breast]] or [[part-object|faeces]], these are clearly [[part-object]]s. | For example, when [[Freud]] states that [[drive|partial drive]]s are directed towards [[object]]s such as the [[breast]] or [[part-object|faeces]], these are clearly [[part-object]]s. | ||
| − | [[Freud]] also implies that the [[penis]] is a [[part-object]] in his discussion of the [[castration complex]] (in which the [[penis]] is imagined as a separable organ) and in his discussion of [[fetishism]]. | + | =====Penis===== |
| + | [[Freud]] also implies that the [[penis]] is a [[part-object]] in his [[discussion]] of the [[castration complex]] (in which the [[penis]] is imagined as a separable [[organ]]) and in his discussion of [[fetishism]]. | ||
| − | + | =====Jacques Lacan===== | |
| − | |||
| − | ==Jacques Lacan== | ||
The concept of the [[part-object]] plays an important part in [[Lacan]]'s work from early on. | The concept of the [[part-object]] plays an important part in [[Lacan]]'s work from early on. | ||
| − | [[Lacan]] finds the concept of the [[part-object]] particularly useful in his criticism of [[object-relations theory]], which he attacks for attributing a false sense of completeness to the [[object]]. | + | =====Object-Relations Theory===== |
| + | [[Lacan]] finds the concept of the [[part-object]] particularly useful in his criticism of [[object-relations theory]], which he attacks for attributing a [[false]] [[sense]] of [[completeness]] to the [[object]]. | ||
In opposition to this tendency, [[Lacan]] argues that just as all [[drives]] are [[drive|partial drives]], so all [[objects]] are necessarily | In opposition to this tendency, [[Lacan]] argues that just as all [[drives]] are [[drive|partial drives]], so all [[objects]] are necessarily | ||
[[part-objects]]. | [[part-objects]]. | ||
| − | + | =====Kleinian psychoanalysis===== | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
[[Lacan]]'s focus on the [[part-object]] is clear evidence of the important [[Klein]]ian influences in his work. | [[Lacan]]'s focus on the [[part-object]] is clear evidence of the important [[Klein]]ian influences in his work. | ||
| − | However, whereas [[Klein]] defines these [[object]]s as partial because they are only part of a [[whole]] [[object]], [[Lacan]] takes a different view. | + | =====Partiality===== |
| − | + | However, whereas [[Klein]] defines these [[object]]s as [[partial]] because they are only part of a [[whole]] [[object]], [[Lacan]] takes a different view. They are partial, he argues, "not because these objects are part of a [[total]] object, the body, but because they [[represent]] only partially the function that produces [[them]]."<ref>{{E}} p. 315</ref> | |
| − | They are partial, he argues, "not because these objects are part of a total object, the body, but because they represent only partially the function that produces them."<ref>{{E}} p.315</ref> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| + | =====Biology===== | ||
| + | In [[other]] [[words]], in the [[unconscious]] only the [[pleasure]]-giving function of these [[object]]s is represented, while their [[biological]] function is not represented. Furthermore, [[Lacan]] argues that what isolates certain parts of the [[body]] as a [[part-object]] is not any [[biological]] given but the [[signification|signifying]] [[system]] of [[language]]. | ||
| − | In addition to the [[partial object]]s already discovered by [[psychoanalytic theory]] before [[Lacan]] (the [[breast]], the [[part-object|faeces]], the [[phallus]] as [[imaginary]] [[object]], and the [[part-object|urinary flow]]), [[Lacan]] adds (in 1960) several more: the [[phoneme]], the [[gaze]], the voice and the nothing.<ref>{{E}} p.315</ref> | + | ===Partial Objects=== |
| + | In addition to the [[partial object]]s already discovered by [[psychoanalytic theory]] before [[Lacan]] (the [[breast]], the [[part-object|faeces]], the [[phallus]] as [[imaginary]] [[object]], and the [[part-object|urinary flow]]), [[Lacan]] adds (in 1960) several more: the [[phoneme]], the [[gaze]], the voice and the [[nothing]].<ref>{{E}} p. 315</ref> These [[partial object]]s all have one feature in common: "they have no [[specular]] [[image]]."<ref>{{E}} p. 315</ref> In other words, they are precisely that which cannot be assimilated into the [[subject]]'s [[narcissistic]] [[illusion]] of [[lack|completeness]]. | ||
| − | + | ===''Objet petit a''=== | |
| − | + | [[Lacan]]'s conceptualization of the [[part-object]] is modified with the [[development]] around 1963-4 of the concept of ''[[objet petit a]]'' as the [[cause]] of [[desire]]. Now each [[partial object]] becomes an [[object]] by virtue of the fact that the [[subject]] takes it for the [[object]] of [[desire]], ''[[objet petit a]]''.<ref>{{S11}} p. 104</ref> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | [[Lacan]]'s | ||
| − | |||
| − | Now each [[partial object]] becomes an [[object]] by virtue of the fact that the [[subject]] takes it for the [[object]] of [[desire]], ''[[objet petit a]]''.<ref>{{S11}} p.104</ref> | ||
From this point on in his work, [[Lacan]] usually restricts his discussion of [[part-object]]s to only four: | From this point on in his work, [[Lacan]] usually restricts his discussion of [[part-object]]s to only four: | ||
| Line 63: | Line 45: | ||
==Quotes== | ==Quotes== | ||
| − | + | "[[Partial object]]" is [[Klein]]ian term that "has never been subjected to criticism since [[Karl Abraham]] introduced it."<ref>{{E}} p. 283, 687</ref> | |
| − | "[[Partial object]]" is [[Klein]]ian term that "has never been subjected to criticism since [[Karl Abraham]] introduced it."<ref> | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
| − | * [[ | + | {{See}} |
| + | * [[Biology]] | ||
| + | * [[Desire]] | ||
| + | || | ||
| + | * [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]] | ||
| + | * [[Language]] | ||
| + | || | ||
| + | * [[Mother]] | ||
| + | * [[Object-relations theory]] | ||
| + | || | ||
| + | * ''[[Objet (petit) a]]'' | ||
| + | * [[Unconscious]] | ||
| + | {{Also}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| + | <div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"> | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
[[Category:Freudian psychology]] | [[Category:Freudian psychology]] | ||
[[Category:Sigmund Freud]] | [[Category:Sigmund Freud]] | ||
| Line 79: | Line 74: | ||
[[Category:Theory]] | [[Category:Theory]] | ||
[[Category:Psychoanalytic theory]] | [[Category:Psychoanalytic theory]] | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Dictionary]] |
[[Category:New]] | [[Category:New]] | ||
| − | + | {{OK}} | |
| + | |||
| + | __NOTOC__ | ||
Latest revision as of 20:45, 20 May 2019
| French: [[objet partiel]] |
Melanie Klein
Child Development
According to Melanie Klein, the infant's underdeveloped capacity for perception, together with the fact that he is only concerned with his immediate gratifications, means that the subject begins by relating only to a part of a person rather than the whole. The primordial part-object is, according to Klein, the mother's breast. As the child's visual apparatus develops, so also does his capacity to perceive people as whole objects rather than collections of separate parts.
Sigmund Freud
While the term "part-object" was first introduced by the Kleinian school of psychoanalysis, the origins of the concept can be traced back to Karl Abraham's work and ultimately to Freud.
Partial Drives
For example, when Freud states that partial drives are directed towards objects such as the breast or faeces, these are clearly part-objects.
Penis
Freud also implies that the penis is a part-object in his discussion of the castration complex (in which the penis is imagined as a separable organ) and in his discussion of fetishism.
Jacques Lacan
The concept of the part-object plays an important part in Lacan's work from early on.
Object-Relations Theory
Lacan finds the concept of the part-object particularly useful in his criticism of object-relations theory, which he attacks for attributing a false sense of completeness to the object.
In opposition to this tendency, Lacan argues that just as all drives are partial drives, so all objects are necessarily part-objects.
Kleinian psychoanalysis
Lacan's focus on the part-object is clear evidence of the important Kleinian influences in his work.
Partiality
However, whereas Klein defines these objects as partial because they are only part of a whole object, Lacan takes a different view. They are partial, he argues, "not because these objects are part of a total object, the body, but because they represent only partially the function that produces them."[1]
Biology
In other words, in the unconscious only the pleasure-giving function of these objects is represented, while their biological function is not represented. Furthermore, Lacan argues that what isolates certain parts of the body as a part-object is not any biological given but the signifying system of language.
Partial Objects
In addition to the partial objects already discovered by psychoanalytic theory before Lacan (the breast, the faeces, the phallus as imaginary object, and the urinary flow), Lacan adds (in 1960) several more: the phoneme, the gaze, the voice and the nothing.[2] These partial objects all have one feature in common: "they have no specular image."[3] In other words, they are precisely that which cannot be assimilated into the subject's narcissistic illusion of completeness.
Objet petit a
Lacan's conceptualization of the part-object is modified with the development around 1963-4 of the concept of objet petit a as the cause of desire. Now each partial object becomes an object by virtue of the fact that the subject takes it for the object of desire, objet petit a.[4]
From this point on in his work, Lacan usually restricts his discussion of part-objects to only four:
Quotes
"Partial object" is Kleinian term that "has never been subjected to criticism since Karl Abraham introduced it."[5]
See Also
References
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Tavistock Publications, 1977. p. 315
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Tavistock Publications, 1977. p. 315
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Tavistock Publications, 1977. p. 315
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. The Seminar. Book XI. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, 1964. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1977. p. 104
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Tavistock Publications, 1977. p. 283, 687
