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Preoedipal phase

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{{Top}}stade préœdipien{{Bottom}}
The [[preoedipal phase]] is the [[stage]] of [[psychosexual development]] prior to the [[formation]] of the [[Oedipus complex]].
==Sigmund Freud==
The term emerges very late in [[Freud]]'s [[work]], in the context of his [[discussion]] of [[female sexuality]].<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|Female Sexuality]]," 1931b. [[SE]] XXI, 223.</ref>
==Jacques Lacan==
===Dual Relation===
Before [[Lacan]], the [[preoedipal phase]] was usually represented as a '''[[dual relation]]''' between [[mother]] and [[child]] existing prior to any [[third]] term which could mediate it. However, [[Lacan]] argues that such an approach has the disadvantage of rendering the [[concept]] unthinkable in [[psychoanalytic theory]].
precedipal phase (stade prÈúdipien) The ===Triadic Structure===[[Psychoanalysis]] deals exclusively with [[structure]], which requires a minimum of [[three]] [[terms]], and thus a [[preoedipal phase ]] which is the period represented as a purely [[dual relation]] "cannot be conceived of psychosexual development prior to the formation of the OEDIPUS COMPLEXin [[analytic]] terms."<ref>{{E}} p. 197</ref> The [[child]] is never completely alone with the [[mother]], since there is always a [[third]] term emerges very late in Freud's work, in the context .<ref>{{S4}} p. 240-1</ref> Hence when [[Lacan]] speaks of his discussion of female sexuality (Freuda [[preoedipal phase]], 1931b)he presents it not as a [[dual relation]] but as a [[triangle]].<ref>{{S4}} p.81</ref>
Before Lacan===Imaginary Phallus===The third element in the [[preoedipal]] [[triangle]], which mediates the preoedipal phase was usually represented as a DUAL RELATION [[dual relation]] between the [[mother ]] and the [[child existing prior to any third term ]], is the [[phallus]], an [[imaginary]] [[object]] which could mediate itcirculates between [[them]] in a series of exchanges. However, In the [[seminar]] of 1957-8 [[Lacan argues that such an approach has ]] speaks of this [[Imaginary]] [[triangle]] not as a [[preoedipal phase]] but as the disadvantage first '[[time]]' of rendering the concept unthinkable in psychoanalytic theory[[Oedipus complex]]. Psychoanalysis deals exclusively with structure Whether described as [[preoedipal]], which requires or as a minimum [[moment]] in the [[Oedipus complex]] itself, the [[imaginary]] [[triangle]] of three terms[[mother]], [[child]] and thus [[phallus]] arises when the [[infant]] perceives a preoedipal phase which [[lack]] in the [[mother]]. The [[infant]] realises that the [[mother]] is represented as a purely dual relation 'cannot be conceived of in analytic terms' not completely [[satisfied]] with him alone, but [[desire]]s something else (E, 197the [[phallus]]). The [[child ]] then seeks to be the [[phallus]] for the [[mother]], which involves him in a [[seductive]] [[game]] of [[lures]] in which the [[child]] "is never really there at the [[place]] where he is, and is never completely alone with [[absent]] from the mother, since there [[place]] where he is always a third term (not."<ref>{{S4}} p.193; {{S4, 240}} p. 223- 1).4</ref>
Hence when ===End of the Prepoedipal Phase===In the [[seminar]] of 1956-7, where [[Lacan speaks ]] analyzes the [[case]] of a preoedipal phase[[Little Hans]], he presents it not as <ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|Analysis of a dual relation but as Phobia in a triangle (S4Five-Year-Old Boy]]," 1909. [[SE]] X, 81)3. The third element in the preoedipal triangle</ref> he shows how, which mediates the dual relation between the mother and the childfor a while, this game is the [[Phallussatisfying]] for [[Hans]], and argues that there is [[nothing]] inherent in it that would put an end to this [[Imaginarypreoedipal phase]] object .<ref>{{S4}} p. 226</ref> However, at some point something else intervenes which circulates between them in introduces a series discordant note of exchanges[[anxiety]] into the [[game]]. In This "something else" is the seminar first stirring of 1957the [[drive]], which manifests itself in ''[[infantile]] [[masturbation]]''.<ref>{{S4}} p. 225-8 Lacan speaks 6</ref> The [[intervention]] of the [[real]] [[organ]] in this way transforms the [[Imaginaryimaginary]] [[triangle not as ]] into a preoedipal phase but as [[death|deadly]] [[game]], an [[impossible]] task, in which the [[child]] is completely prey to the first 'time' [[arbitrary]] [[desire]] of the Oedipus complexomnipotent devouring [[mother]].<ref>{{S4}} p. Whether described as preoedipal69, or 195</ref> The [[child]] is only saved from this [[death|deadly]] [[game]] by the intervention of the [[father]] as a moment in the Oedipus complex itselffourth term, the [[Imaginaryfather]] triangle who rightfully claims possession of mother, child and the [[phallus arises when ]] on the infant perceives basis of a lack in the mother. The infant [[Realsymbolic]] [[law]]ises that the mother is not completely satisfied with him alone, but desires something else (the phallus).
===Perversion===The child then seeks to be interest of the phallus [[preoedipal phase]] for the mother, which involves him [[Lacan]] does not only lie in a seductive game of lures its function in which paving the way for the child 'is never [[RealOedipus complex]]ly there at , but also in the place where he is, and is never completely absent from fact that all the place where he is not' ([[perversion]]s have their origin in this [[phase]].<ref>{{S4, }} p. 193; see also S4</ref> [[Perversion]] always involves some kind of [[identification]] with [[another]] term in the [[preoedipal]] [[triangle]], 223-4). In whether it be the seminar of 1956-7[[mother]], where Lacan analyses or the case of Little Hans [[imaginary]] [[phallus]] (Freud, 1909b), he shows how, for a whileor both, this game is satisfying for Hans, and argues that there is nothing inherent as in it that would put an end to this preoedipal paradise (S4, 226[[fetishism]]). However, at some point something else intervenes which introduces a discordant note of anxiety into
the game. This 'something else' is the first stirring of the drive, which manifests itself in infantile masturbation (S4, 225-6). The intervention of the ==See Also=={{See}}* [[RealDesire]] organ in this way transforms the * [[Development]]||* [[Drive]]* [[Dual relation]]||* [[Father]]* [[Fetishism]]||* [[Identification]]* [[Imaginary]] triangle into a deadly game, an impossible task, in which the child is completely prey to the arbitrary desire of the omnipotent devouring mother (S4, 69, 195). The child is only saved from this deadly game by the intervention of the father as a fourth term, the father who rightfully claims possession of the phallus on the basis of a ||* [[Lack]]* [[Mother]]||* [[Oedipus complex]]* [[Perversion]]||* [[Phallus]]* [[SymbolicStructure]] law.{{Also}}
The interest of the preoedipal phase for Lacan does not only lie in its function in paving the way for the Oedipus complex, but also in the fact that all the perversions have their origin in this phase (S4, 193). PERVERSION always involves some kind of identification with another term in the preoedipal triangle, whether it be the mother, or the [[Imaginary]] phallus (or both, as in fetishism).            == References ==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">
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[[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Imaginary]][[Category:Development]][[Category:New]][[Category:Dictionary]][[Category:Freudian psychology]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
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