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==Sigmund Freud==
[[Freud]] describes [[psychoanalysis]] as comprising:
# a [[discipline]] founded on a procedure for the investigation of [[mental]] [[processes]] that are otherwise inaccessible because they are [[unconscious]];
# a therapeutic method for the treatment of [[neurotic]] disorders; and
# a [[body]] of [[psychological]] data evolving into a new scientific discipline.
The technique that evolved is the method of [[Freudfree association]]'s third , with the patient or analysand lying on a couch and broadest category comprises his work on culture (which is based largely on with the analyst sitting slightly to the view that culture rear and out of eyeshot. The [[patient]] is a product of required to tell everything and omit [[nothing]]; the diversion [[analyst]] to listen to everything and to privilege nothing. [[Free association]] around [[dreams]] or [[sublimationmemories]] allows [[unconscious]] [[chain]]s of sexual energy) [[fantasies]] and [[wish]]es to be reconstructed and artthen [[interpreted]] so as to uncover underlying [[structures]], which provides , typically, relate to the starting-point for the many varieties of [[psychoanalytic criticismOedipus complex]] and [[repressed]] [[childhood]] [[memories]], usually with a sexual [[content]].
<!--Although [[dream]]s are described by [[Freud]] as "the royal road to the unconscious," (1900) it should be noted that the [[psychoanalyst]]'s raw [[material]] is not the [[unconscious]] itself (which is by definition inaccesible), but material that has already been shaped by the [[dream-work]]. -->
Although [[Freudpsychoanalysis]] is widely practiced and has had an important influence on related therapeutic methods, it has never been defined in either medical or [[legal]] [[terms]]'s ventures into . The [[anthropologyprofession]], which he views as an integral part is self-regulated and its standards of his new scientific discipline, [[practice]] are also influenced defined by the various national [[associations]] recognized by nineteenththe [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]]. The would-century theories be [[psychoanalyst]] undertakes a personal [[analysis]] before embarking upon a rigorous [[training]] [[analysis]] designed to promote a [[recognition]] of the importance of evolution [[transference]] and by their attendant [[eurocentrismcounter-transference]]. Qualified [[analysts]]; hence the analogy between normally work under the "mental life supervision of savages their seniors, and neuroticsusually undertake at least one " posited in ''second analysis." The first generation of [[psychoanalysts]] were, like [[Freud]] himself, doctors of [[Totem and Taboomedicine]]'' (1913), and but suitably qualified non-medical or lay analysts were admitted to the argument that profession from the life 1920s onwards.<ref>Freud. 1926a.</ref> The desirability or otherwise of an indiviudal re-enacts or repeats medical qualifications is a matter for the life various national associations. The question of the speciesscientific [[nature]] of [[psychoanalysis]] remains controversial.
==Jacques Lacan==[[Lacan]] trained initially as a [[psychiatrist]], and turned to [[psychoanalysis]] to [[help]] him with his [[psychiatric]] research. This then led [[Lacan]] to train as a [[psychoanalyst]] himself in the 1930s. From then on, until his [[death]] in 1981, he dedicated himself to practicing as an [[analyst]] and developing [[psychoanalytic theory]]. In the [[process]], [[Lacan]] constructed a highly original way of discussing [[psychoanalysis]] which both reflected and determined an original way of conducting the [[treatment]]; in this [[sense]] it is thus possible to [[speak]] of a specifically [[Lacanian]] form of [[psychoanalytic treatment]]. However, [[Lacan]] never admits that he has created a distinctive "[[Lacanian]]" form of [[psychoanalysis]]. On the contrary, when he describes his own approach to [[psychoanalysis]], he speaks only of "[[psychoanalysis]]," thus implying that his own approach is the only authentic form of [[psychoanalysis]], the only one which is truly in line with [[Freud]]'s approach. Thus the [[three]] major non-[[Lacanian]] [[school]]s of [[psychoanalytic theory]] ([[Kleinian psychoanalysis]], [[Ego-psychology]], [[Object-relations theory]]) are all, in [[Lacan]]'s view, deviations from authentic [[psychoanalysis]] whose errors his own [[return to Freud]] is designed to correct.
From the very beginning, [[Lacan]] argues that [[Freudpsychoanalytic theory]] is a [[scientific]] rather than a [[religious]] mode of [[discourse]] constantly revises and reworks his theories, and all the modifications he introduces are closely related with a specific [[object]]. Attempts to developments at the clinical elevel as he gradually abandons the therapeutic technique of hypnosis and apply [[catharsisconcepts]] developed in avor of the psychoanalytic theory to [[other]] [[talking cureobjects]]cannot claim to be doing "applied psychoanalysis, and moves from his early " since [[seduction psychoanalytic theory]] of is not a general [[hysteriamaster]] to a discourse but the theory of both a specific [[neurosissituation]] and normal .<ref>{{Ec}} p. 747</ref> [[Psychoanalysis]] is an [[developmentautonomous]] discipline; it may borrow concepts from many other disciplines, but this does not meant that it is dependent on any of [[them]], since it reworks these concepts in a unique way. Thus psychoanalysis is based upon the discovery not a brance of [[psychology]], nor of medicine, nor of [[philosophy]], nor of the [[Oedipus complexlinguistics]] , and it is certainly not a form of [[psychotherapy]], since its vital importance in psychosexual developmentaim is not to "[[cure]]" but to articulate [[truth]].
