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{{S}}[[Image:Sem5.jpgSeminarsNavBar|thumbRightPrevLink=Seminar IV|250pxRightPrevText=Seminar IV|rightRightNextLink=Seminar VI|'''Les formations de l'inconscient.''']]RightNextText=Seminar VI}} {| classalign="wikitablecenter" style="width:450px600px; border:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"!width="100px"|!width="300px"|

! | style="width:100px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"| 1957 - 1958| style="width:100px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"| [[Seminar V]]| style="width:300px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"| ''Le séminaire, Livre [[Seminar V: |Les formations de l'inconscient]]''<BR>The <big>[[Seminar, Book V: |The Formations of the Unconscious]]</big>

[[Image:Sem.V.jpg|border|300px|right]]The [[formation]]s of the [[unconscious]] are those circumstances in which the [[law]]s of the [[unconscious]] are most discernible: the [[joke]], the [[dream]], the [[symptom]], the [[lapsus]] ([[parapraxis]]). [[Freud]] referred to the fundamental mechanisms involved in the [[formation]]s of the [[unconscious]] as [[condensation]] and [[displacement]], which [[Lacan]] redefines as [[metaphor]] and [[metonymy]]. With the former, the play of [[signifier]]s creates [[sense]] in nonsense in relation to [[truth]]. The latter reveals the [[lack]] of a [[word]], "an item of waste sent like a ball between [[code]] and [[message]]." In this [[lack]] [[substitute]] [[word]]s appear and function like "the [[metonymic]] ruins of the [[object]]." At the junction between [[psychoanalysis]] and [[linguistics]], [[Lacan]] wants to [[formalize]] the primordial [[law]]s of the [[unconscious]] that [[Freud]] had uncovered. His [[project]] is to define a [[topology]] of the levels of functioning of the signifier in the subject by elaborating the [[graph]]s that, under the generic [[name]] of [[Graph of Desire]], will be at the core of "[[The Subversion of the Subject and the Dialectic of Desire in the Freudian Unconscious]]" written in 1960 and published in 1966 in <i>[[Écrits]]</i>. Here the key [[concept]] is that of [[desire]], and [[Lacan]]'s [[dialectic]] of [[desire]] is quite distinct from [[Hegel]]'s. The Graph of Desire will serve as a [[topology]] of the different steps constitutive of the [[subject]]. "It is precisely because desire is articulated that it is not articulable" in a [[signifying chain]]. [[Slavoj Zizek]] commenting on this formulation argues that [[subject]] is not substance, "it has not substantial positive [[being]] in itself, being caught between 'not yet' and 'no longer'. The [[subject]] never is, it will have been - either it is not yet here or it is no longer here, since there is only a trace of its [[absence]]." The [[subject]] is dependent on the [[recognition ]] of the [[Other ]] who embodies "the legitimacy of the code," he alone can ratify a word as a [[joke]], as stupidity or as [[madness]]. With the [[Other]], [[Lacan ]] moves on to the [[analysis ]] of the [[Oedipus complex]]. [[Three ]] [[stages ]] [[structure ]] the [[constitution ]] of the [[subject]]. First, the [[paternal metaphor ]] [[acts ]] intrinsically on account of the primacy given to the [[phallus ]] by [[culture]]. Then, the father intervenes as the one who deprives the [[mother]]: to her he addresses the [[message ]] "You will not reintegrate your product" - the [[child ]] as [[phallic ]] [[object]]. The [[child ]] receives "a [[message ]] on the [[message]]," in the [[form ]] of "You will not [[sleep ]] with your mother" that liberates and deprives him of the object of his [[desire]]. From the alternative "To be or not to be the [[phallus]]," he can move to the alternative "To have it or not to have it." The [[third ]] [[moment ]] - the exit out of the [[Oedipus complex ]] - requires the [[intervention ]] of the permissive and generous father who, preferred over the [[mother]], gives [[birth ]] to the [[idea ]] of the [[ego]]. It is in this context that the problems of becoming boy or [[girl ]] - of the inverted [[Oedipus complex ]] are raised. [[Lacan]] plays with the term "[[insistence]]" in [[order]] to [[recall]] [[repetition]], the characteristic of the [[signifying chain]] in the [[unconscious]]. "The unconscious is neither primordial nor [[instinctual]]; what it [[knows]] [[about]] the elementary is but the elements of the signifier." In a previous [[writing]], "[[The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious or Reason since Freud]]," he defines the unconscious as a [[memory]] that can be compared to that of modern [[thinking]]-machines where the chain that insists on reproducing itself in the [[transference]] can be found, and which is the [[chain]] of [[dead]] [[desire]].

Lacan plays with In "[[The Subversion of the term "insistence" in order to recall repetition, Subject and the characteristic Dialectic of Desire in the signifying chain Freudian Unconscious]]," written in the unconscious. 1960, [[Lacan]] states that "The unconscious is neither primordial nor instinctual; what it knows about the elementary is but not the elements of law that bars the signifier[[subject]]'s access to <i>[[jouissance]]</i> but [[pleasure]]." In 1966 he will add a previous writing, final [[sentence]]: "The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious or Reason since Freud[[Castration]] means that <i>[[jouissance]]</i> must be refused," he defines the unconscious as a memory so that it can be compared to that of modern thinking-machines where the chain that insists reached on reproducing itself in the transference can be found, and which is inverted ladder (<i>échelle inversée</i>) of the chain [[Law]] of dead [[desire]]."

In "The Subversion [[signification]] of the Subject and phallus" (<i>[[Écrits: A Selection]]</i>) is a lecture given at the Dialectic of Desire Max Planck Institute in the Freudian Unconscious," written Munich in 1960, Lacan states that "it is not 1958. All the law that bars the subjectresearch accomplished during <i>La relation d'[[objet]]</i> and <i>Les [[formations]] de l's access [[inconscient]]</i> culminates here, and serves as an introduction to jouissance but pleasure." In 1966 he will add a final sentence: "Castration means that jouissance must be refused, so that it can be reached on the inverted ladder (échelle inversée) of the Law of desire<i>Le [[désir]] et son [[interpretation]]."</i><br>

"The signification of the phallus" (Écrits: A Selection) is a lecture given at the Max Planck Institute in Munich in 1958. All the research accomplished during La relation d'objet and Les formations de l'inconscient culminates here, and serves as an introduction to Le désir et son interpretationThe alternative seems ineluctable: either the [[Mother ]] or the [[Father]]. To choose the [[Mother ]] means to be condemned to the dependency of [[demand]], while the [[Father ]] constitutes the access to [[desire]], hence to salvation. If the [[Father ]] must be preferred to the [[Mother]], if the [[Father ]] is the origin and the [[representative ]] of [[culture ]] (and of the [[Law]]), it is because he possesses the [[phallus ]] that he can give or refuse. The absolute primacy of the [[phallus ]] - the single emblem of Man - has become a [[real ]] doctrinal (perhaps dogmatic) basis of [[Lacanian ]] [[theory]]: "The [[phallus ]] is the [[signifier ]] of signifiers[[signifier]]s, the privileged signifier of that mark in which the [[role ]] of the [[logos ]] is joined with the advent of [[desire]]," its function "touches on its most profound rapport: that in which the Ancients embodied the <i>Nous</i>, the [[Mind]], and the <i>Logos</i>, [[discourse]], [[reason]]." Why such a privilege? "This [[signifier ]] is chosen as the most tangible element in the real of [[sexual ]] copulation; it is the most [[symbolic ]] in the literal sense," since "it is equivalent to the [[logical ]] copula." Moreover, "by virtue of its turgidity, it epitomizes the [[image ]] of the vital flow as it is transmitted in generation." [[Freud ]] says, there is only one [[libido]], [[masculine ]] in [[nature]]. Later, [[Lacan ]] will assert that "[[there is no such thing as sexual rapport]]," <i>[[il n'y a pas de rapport sexuel]]</i>, in the sense of proportion or relation: one sex counts for both [[sexes]]. Thus the [[phallus ]] can only appear as veiled.

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==French=={| class="toccoloursfloatright" style="float: right;margin-left:10px; clear: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em;"|+ style="font-size: larger; margin-left: 1em;"|

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{| style="width:100%; border:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"|width="100%"| [[CategoryJacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]. [[Seminar I|The Seminar of Jacques Lacan: Book II :TermsThe Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis 1954-1955 (Seminar of Jacques Lacan)]]. Ed. [[Jacques-Alain Miller]]. Trans. [[Sylvana Tomaselli]]. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1991. Paperback, [[Language]]: English, ISBN: 0393307093. <small><small>Buy it at [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosubject-20/ Amazon.com], [http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosub07-20/ Amazon.ca], [http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosub-21/ Amazon.de], [http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosubjencyofl-21/ Amazon.co.uk] or [http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosub04-21/ Amazon.fr].</small></small>|}<BR>{| style="width:100%; border:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"|width="100%"| [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]. [[Seminar I|Le séminaire, Livre II: Le moi dans la théorie de Freud et dans la technique de la psychanalyse]]. Ed. [[Jacques-Alain Miller]]. Paris: Seuil, 1977. 374 pages, Language: French, ISBN: 2020047276. <small><small>Buy it at [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/2020047276/nosubject-20/ Amazon.com], [Categoryhttp:Concepts//www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/2020047276/nosub07-20/ Amazon.ca], [http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/2020047276/nosub-21/ Amazon.de], [http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/2020047276/nosubjencyofl-21/ Amazon.co.uk] or [http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2020047276/nosub04-21/ Amazon.fr].</small></small>|}-->__NOTOC__ __NOAUTOLINKS__[[Category:Seminars]]