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=====Linguistic Definition=====
The term "[[shifter]]" was introduced into [[linguistics]] by [[linguist]] [[Otto Jespersen]] to refer to those elements in [[language]] whose general [[meaning]] cannot be defined without reference to the [[message]] (to describe a class of words whose [[meaning]] varies according to their situation or whose references varies).
=====Roman Jakobson=====
=====Indexical Symbol=====
[[Jakobson]] concludes that [[shifter]]s combine both [[symbolic]] and [[index]]ical functions and "belong therefore to the class of indexical symbols."<ref>[[Roman Jakobson|Jakobson, Roman]]. 1957. "Shifters, verbal categories, and the Russian verb," in ''Selected Writings'', vol. II, ''Word and Language'', The Hague: Mouton, 1971. p. 132.</ref>
=====Context-Free Grammar=====
<blockquote>"Indeed, the I of the enunciation is not the same as the I of the statement, that is to say, the shifter which, in the statement, designates him."<ref>{{S11}} p.139</ref></blockquote>
==See Also==
* [[Language]]
* [[Meaning]]
* [[Signifier]]
* [[Signifying ChainSplit]]
* [[Statement]]
* [[Subject]]
