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...in his correspondence with [[Wilhelm Fliess]], in the "[[Project]] for a [[Scientific]] [[Psychology]]" [1950c (1895)], and in [[The Interpretation of Dreams]] [ ...[search]] for a [[model]] of [[psychic]] functioning still informed by the scientific [[thinking]] and medical research of the time, [[Freud]] noted:

# a [[body]] of [[psychological]] data evolving into a new scientific discipline. ...f his new scientific discipline, are also influenced by nineteenth-century theories of evolution and by their attendant eurocentrism; hence the analogy between

Freud makes his argument by first reviewing previous [[scientific]] work on dream [[analysis]], which he finds interesting but inadequate. He ...n in collaboration with Josef [[Breuer]] (1895d), or the [[Project]] for a Scientific Psychology (1950c [1895]), The Interpretation of Dreams may be considered t

...as been critiqued for being vague, poorly defined and [[lacking]] proper [[scientific]] foundation <ref>http://www.apa.org/books/431668A.html</ref>. ...isorders) is [[arbitrary]], often influenced by beliefs rather than proven scientific observations. And the fact that the brain and mind are one makes the separa

...]], in his "Semiotics and philosophy of language" has argued that semiotic theories are implicit in the [[work]] of most, perhaps all, major thinkers. ...ory of Language'', a [[formal]] [[development]] of ''glossematics'', his [[scientific]] calculus of language.

...sis|psychoanalytic school]] of [[psychology]]. Freud is best known for his theories of the [[unconscious mind]], especially involving the [[mechanism]] of [[Ps ..., [[literary criticism]], [[philosophy]], and [[psychology]]. However, his theories remain controversial and widely disputed.

...and capable of selective [[ignorance]] towards challenging [[concepts]] of theories like [[Marxism]]. ...terature could be formalized, he didn’t believe it could become strict [[scientific]] endeavour. In the late [[1960s]], radical movements were taking [[place]

...of [[scientific]] investigation. Cognitivism has marked a [[return]] to a scientific approach to [[mental]] activity that has materialized in the [[development] ...specialists have contested the scientific [[value]] of [[psychoanalytic]] theories and, until recently, have had little interest in the area of [[pathology]].

...us form of [[nihilism]] that wishes the utter [[destruction]] of Western [[scientific]] and [[ethical]] values. As a rule, deconstruction is ridiculed by members ...ed to in deconstruction as a kind of ''[[violence]]'', the idea being that theories' willful misdescription or simplification of [[reality]] always does violen

...fter he had proposed, he broke it off on [[11 August]], [[1841]]. Several theories have been offered to explain, but Kierkegaard's motive for ending the engag ...]], [[Albert Camus]], and [[Simone de Beauvoir]]. [[Paul Feyerabend]]'s [[scientific]] anarchism was inspired by Kierkegaard's idea of subjectivity as truth. [

...ght… however, one should treat Lenin in an "[[objective]] critical and [[scientific]] way," not in an attitude of nostalgic idolatry, and, furthermore, from th ...sly questions the existing liberal consensus, one is accused of abandoning scientific objectivity for the outdated ideological positions. This is the point on wh

...ernal ice, with the sun in its center, was one of the favorite Nazi pseudo-scientific fantasies (according to some reports, they even considered putting some tel ...S "knowledge in the Real" — the deadlock resides simply in the fact that scientific knowledge cannot serve as the SYMBOLIC "big Other." The gap between modern

...rised in the work, the work is a kind of [[preemptive strike]] at possible theories about itself. On that account, it is inappropriate to reproach Joyce for no ...p-sociologists and psychologists. That is to say, there are two main pop-[[scientific]] cliches about the rise of populist demagogues: they feed on the frustrati

...hics, business ethics, medical ethics and so on) but that [[particular]] [[scientific]] breakthroughs are immediately set against [[humanist]] 'values', leading ...ontingency which determines us - that is, by limiting the possibilities of scientific intervention. This is a new version of the old argument that, if we are to

...lture]] and remained within established [[psychiatric]] [[categories]] and theories, but at the same time it drew on the alternative resources of the Surrealis Most [[scientific]] explanations for [[animal]] mimicry relate it to adaptive [[behaviour]].

...defined by dogmatic positivism and scientism on the one hand and dogmatic "scientific [[socialism]]" on the other, critical theory meant to rehabilitate through ...s]]. The Institute attempted to reformulate dialectics as a [[concrete]] [[scientific method|method]], continually aware of the specific social roots of thought

...ernal ice, with the sun in its center, was one of the favorite Nazi pseudo-scientific fantasies (according to some reports, they even considered putting some tel ...IS "knowledge in the Real" - the deadlock resides simply in the fact that scientific knowledge cannot serve as the SYMBOLIC "big Other." The gap between modern

...ern Aristotelian and Medieval knowledge was not yet "objective," rational, scientific precisely because it lacked this excessive element of God qua the subjectiv ...-modern, pagan, sexualized cosmo-[[ontology]]; the growth of "[[conspiracy theories]]" as a [[form]] of popular "cognitive [[mapping]]" seem to counter the ret

...of society, and his [[belief]] that the anarchist revolution would be a [[scientific]] revolution (Bakunin, 1953, p 76). Thus, the anarchist revolution would in ...tuate it. The discourse of the master encompasses even those revolutionary theories that seek to overthrow it: "What I mean by this is that it embraces everyth

In the [[Project]] for a [[Scientific]] [[Psychology]] (1950c [1895]), illusion is confused with [[hallucination] Winnicott's [[ideas]] extended Freudian theories of the "purified pleasure ego" and the "reality [[test]]."

...and sociality',<a name="20x"></a><a href="#20">²⁰</a> and such theories of kinship and sociality are freighted with heteronormative assumptions (as ...ge of Zizek the author — who writes too fast and skims through different theories so that we end up with as little idea of where he is going as he does — l

...losophical orientation (deconstructionism, feminism, New Age spiritualism, scientific cognitivism).<br><br> ...ther people's theories support that truth but without explaining why these theories have the same object. One concept is defined in terms of another, which is

...[[control]] the weather. His views were not accepted by the mainstream [[scientific]] [[community]]. ...American period of his work, and were primarily sexological, clinical, or scientific in nature. Reich was one of the first of the European socialists to break r

...l]]. As in The [[Interpretation of Dreams]], Freud discusses at length the theories of [[philosophers]] (Theodor Vischer, Kuno Fischer, Theodor Lipps) and writ ...ere he makes use of [[ideas]] developed earlier in the [[Project]] for a [[Scientific]] [[Psychology]] (1950c [1895]). The [[distinction]] between jokes and the

...rtainly for the sake of psychoanalysis that he defended the [[ideal]] of [[scientific]] ascesis. ...pure sophistry; it nevertheless constituted an attack on the very core of scientific ideals, since it abolished the criterion of truth.

...gh nasal surgery. Together, Fliess and Freud developed a [[Project]] for a Scientific [[Psychology]], which was later abandoned. ..."Monte">Monte Christopher F., 1999, ''Beneath the Mask: An Introduction to Theories of [[Personality]] (6th Edition)'', Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalys

'''[[Developmental]] psychology''' is the [[science|scientific]] study of progressive [[psychology|psychological]] changes that occur in [ ...d [[John B. Watson]]'s and [[B. F. Skinner]]'s [[Behaviorism]]. Many other theories are prominent for their contributions to [[particular]] aspects of developm

...d Siegfried [[Bernfeld]]) and enabled [[them]] to maintain international [[scientific]] dialogue (for example, through the publication of the Internationale Zeit

...] and Taboo</i> (1912-13a). In "The Claims of [[Psycho]]-[[analysis]] to [[Scientific]] Interest" (1913j), there is a lengthy explanation of this, an [[idea]] th ...uss]] insisted on the decisive [[role]] played by the discovery of Freud's theories in his [[training]] as an ethnologist.

...and [[Austria]]. Each wave stimulated the exploration of psychoanalysis' [[scientific]] and curative potentials while encouraging popularizations by the American ...or this audience. He spoke extemporaneously. He stressed his hopes for the scientific exploration of the laws governing the unconscious; the liberating benefits

...nalytic consideration of lies is found in [[Freud]]'s "[[Project]] for a [[Scientific]] [[Psychology]]" (1950c [1895]), where he envisioned lies solely in the co In "Project for a Scientific Psychology," the πρωτoυ πσευδoς (proton-pseudos) is usually tran

Sexual theories of children [[Structural]] theories

...f the lateral [[cathexes]] (according to Freud's 1895 "[[Project]] for a [[Scientific]] [[Psychology]]"); (2) representational translations; and (3) the mechanis ...te [[fantasmatic]] organizations: the [[family]] romance, or [[infantile]] theories of [[sexuality]]. According to Duparc (1997, 1998), each system of signs ([

...st kind, [[Freud]] expressed, from the [[time]] of his [[Project]] for a [[Scientific]] [[Psychology]] (1950a [1895]), a hypothesis that must be placed among the At the same time as he was forming these theories, Freud was also approximating dream functioning to the function of [[psycho

...] and [[Taboo]] (1912-13a). In "The Claims of [[Psycho]]-[[analysis]] to [[Scientific]] Interest" (1913j), there is a lengthy explanation of this, an [[idea]] th ...uss]] insisted on the decisive [[role]] played by the discovery of Freud's theories in his [[training]] as an ethnologist.

...ow]] that this education would eventually serve him well in developing his theories and conveying [[them]] to a wide audience. ...alously of Julius played significantly in the [[development]] of his later theories on sibling [[rivalry]]. Tragically, Julius died less than a year later, on

...l concerned, Freud's heir apparent. From the beginning, Jung found Freud's theories about [[repression]] and the unconsciousto be ingenious explanations of muc ...r, used psychoanalysis as a reference point to develop radically different theories of the personality that had little or no resemblance to Freud's ideas.

...d rapidly won the admiration of his students. While there he studied the [[scientific]] foundations of psychoanalysis and, returning to his first [[love]], biolo ...s), Bernfeld described the concept of interpretation with the tools of the scientific method, something he shared with Moritz Schlick and [[Hans]] Reichenbach. H

...ality]], these [[texts]] represented a major [[synthesis]] and updating of theories that had been considerably modified since 1923. They were no longer intende ...subject]]. Although Freud set forth all the arguments that [[cause]] the [[scientific]] [[mind]] to [[doubt]] the existence of telepathic transmission, he also g

...es]] appears clearly in 1895 in the introduction to the <i>Project for a [[Scientific]] [[Psychology]]</i>: "In this 'Project' the [[intention]] is to furnish a Freud's [[belief]] in a "scientific conception of the [[world]]," his fidelity to the positivist ideals of his

...tical]], in that the article makes a clear [[distinction]] between Freud's theories and those deriving from Jean Martin Charcot's teaching on the [[role]] of h ...y the asses and a strange evaluation by Krafft-Ebbing: 'It sounds like a [[scientific]] fairy tale.' And this, after one has demonstrated to [[them]] the solutio

...had a profound influence on [[psychoanalysis]], although their underlying theories sometimes [[need]] to be differentiated. Just as important, however, is the ...in a "[[marriage]] between a neo-Kantian philosophic orientation and the [[scientific]] work conducted under the aegis of [[materialist]] [[psycho]]-[[physiology

...would now call cognitivist and neurobiological (see, "[[Project]] for a [[Scientific]] [[Psychology]]," 1950c [1895]) and an "[[event]]-driven" [[traumatic]] co ...alysis have tried to enrich the notion of psychic causality with their own theories, which are inspired by archaic [[fantasies]] and the individual's traumas a

Literary examples are often used by Freud to illustrate or confirm his theories. ...ake frequent reference to his [[concept]] of [[sublimation]]: Leonardo's [[scientific]] curiosity, for example, is [[analyzed]] as a sublimated expression of his

...in attempts to demonstrate or assert the scientific [[nature]] of emergent theories.

...ophers]] before me discovered the unconscious; what I discovered was the [[scientific]] method by which the unconscious can be studied. ...hey spend all of their effort disproving: that reason is involved in their theories. [[Ayn Rand]],The Ayn Rand Letter

...d with brain disease and brain injuries. Distinct from neuroscience (the [[scientific]] study of the brain) and neuropsychology (the study of [[psychological]] d :General term referring to Freudian and post-Freudian theories that postulated the interplay of forces in the unconscious as the major det

...spect of this fundamental [[duality]] as early as his "[[Project]] for a [[Scientific]] [[Psychology]]" (1950c [1895c]), where an entire paragraph is devoted to ...owed was to constitute the keystone of the contemporary [[development]] of theories of psychogenesis in their entirety, by bringing the [[mother]]-[[child]] [[

...ts of Sex (1993)to demonstrate how [[universal]] applications of Lacan’s theories fail to describe a number of complications—that [[identification]] and de ...ed in an ideologically motivated pattern that is taken mistakenly to be "[[scientific]]" and "[[naturally]]" the way humans function. The buried supposition behi

...Freud]] contributed to something much wider than merely the growth of a [[scientific]] [[discipline]]. He has contributed to the [[whole]] [[cultural]] milieu o ...reinterpret Freud in the light of [[structuralist]] and post-structuralist theories of [[discourse]].

...linic]], the first to offer [[psychotherapy]], based its treatments on the theories of Janet. ...[[left]] by the [[loss]] of [[religious]] [[belief]] through the rise of [[scientific]] [[materialism]] and [[positivism]]. The first contacts with [[Freud]]'s w

...a bimonthly based in Milan, its subtitle [[being]] International Review of Scientific [[Synthesis]]. It was co-edited in [[London]] and Leipzig, and in [[Paris]] ...ndicate the [[subjective]] and [[individual]] motives behind philosophical theories which have ostensibly sprung from impartial [[logical]] [[work]]" (p. 179).

...e irreducible gap between the phenomenal [[experience]] of reality and its scientific explanation, which reaches its apogee in today's brain [[sciences]] (accord

...is: every intellectual from Paris to Chechenia and Abkhazia can debate his theories..." The true task, of course, is to avoid both these options and to assert ...attempt to account for their effort to crush the peasants' resistance in "scientific" Marxist terms, they divided peasants into three categories (classes): the

...y? What if the neo-obscurantist faith in all its versions, from conspiracy theories to irrational mysticism, emerges when faith itself, the basic reliance on t ...ndamentalism does not reside in the fact that it poses a threat to secular scientific knowledge, but in the fact that it poses a threat to authentic belief itsel

...r two year [[terms]]. The [[Scientific]] secretaries work closely with the Scientific and Technical Council, also elected for two year terms. The most important scientific meeting is the annual “Congress of French [[speaking]] Psychoanalysts”

..., the irreducible gap between the phenomenal experience of reality and its scientific explanation, which reaches its apogee in today's brain sciences (according

..., the irreducible gap between the phenomenal experience of reality and its scientific explanation, which reaches its apogee in today’s brain sciences (accordin

...unravel the molecular complexity of life, a glaring incompleteness in this scientific vision becomes apparent. The “Theory of Everything” that appears to be Incomplete Nature begins by accepting what other theories try to deny: that, although mental contents do indeed lack these material-e

...t is: the plastic it is made of presupposes industrial production based on scientific knowledge as well as the culture in which it was made; etc. There is nothin The first thing to note here is Lévi-Strauss's commitment to scientific positivism: he grounds the necessity of "mana" in the gap between the const