Changes

In [[Freud]]'s work, [[{{Top}}sublimate|sublimation]] is a process in which the [[libido]] is channelled into apparently non-sexual activities such as artistic creation and intellectual work.{{Bottom}}

=====Sigmund Freud=====In [[Freud]]'s [[work]], [[sublimation]] is a [[process]] in which the [[libido]] is channelled into apparently non-[[sexual]] activities such as artistic creation and [[intellectual]] work. [[Sublimation]] thus functions as a socially acceptable escape valve for [[excess ]] sexual [[energy ]] which would otherwise have to be [[discharged ]] in socially unacceptable forms ([[perverse ]] [[behavior]]) or in [[neurotic]] [[symptom]]s. The [[logical]] conclusion of such a view is that [[complete]] [[sublimation]] would mean the end of all [[perversion]] and all [[neurosis]]. However, many points remain unclear in [[Freud]]'s account of [[sublimation]].

The logical conclusion =====Jacques Lacan=====[[Lacan]]s takes up the [[concept]] of [[sublimation]] in his [[seminar]] of such a view 1959-60. He follows [[Freud]] in emphasizing the fact that the element of [[social]] [[recognition]] is central to the concept, since it is only insofar as the [[drive]]s are diverted towards this [[dimension]] of shared social values that complete they can be said to be sublimated.<ref>{{S7}} p. 144</ref> It is this dimension of shared social values which allows [[sublimationLacan]] would mean to tie in the end concept of all [[perversionsublimation]] and all with his [[neurosisdiscussion]]of [[ethics]].<ref>{{S7}} p.144</ref>

=====Differences - Freud and Lacan=====However, many points remain unclear in [[FreudLacan]]'s account of [[sublimation]]also differs from [[Freud]]'s on a [[number]] of points.

[[Lacan]]s takes up however rejects the concept of a zero degree of satisfaction, arguing that [[perversion]] is not simply a brute [[natural]] means of discharging the [[sublimationlibido]] , but a highly [[structure]]d relation to the [[drive]]s which are already, in his themselves, [[linguistic]] rather than [[seminarbiological]] of 1959-60forces.

He follows Whereas [[Freud]] in emphasizing the fact believed that the element of social recognition is central to the conceptcomplete [[sublimation]] might be possible for some particularly refined or cultured [[people]], since it [[Lacan]] argues that "complete sublimation is only insofar as not possible for the [[driveindividual]]s are diverted towards this dimension of shared social values that they can be said to be sublimated."<ref>{{S7}} p.14491</ref>

It is this dimension =====Object=====In [[Freud]]'s account, [[sublimation]] involves the redirection of shared social values which allows the [[drive]] to a different (non-sexual) object. In [[Lacan]] to tie 's account, however, what changes is not the object but its [[position]] in the concept of [[sublimationstructure]] with his discussion of [[ethicsfantasy]].<ref>{{S7}} p.144</ref>

HoweverIn [[other]] [[words]], [[sublimation]] does not involve directing the [[drive]] to a different [[object]], but rather changing the [[Lacannature]]'s account of the [[sublimationobject]] also differs from to which the [[Freuddrive]]'s on was already directed, a number "[[change]] of object in itself," something which is made possible because the [[drive]] is "already deeply marked by the articulation of pointsthe [[signifier]]."<ref>{{S7}} p.293</ref>

[[Freud]]'s account implies that [[perversion|perverse sexuality]] as a form of direct satisfaction of the [[drive]] is possible, and that [[sublimation]] is only necessary because this direct form in prohibited by society. [[Lacan]] however rejects the cocnept of a zero degree of satisfaction, arguing that [[perversion]] is not simply a brute natural means of discharging the [[libido]], but a highly structured relation to the [[drive]]s which are already, in themselves, [[linguistic]] rather than [[biological]] forces. ===Two=== Whereas [[Freud]] beleived that complete [[sublimation]] might be possible for some particularly refined or cultured people, [[Lacan]] argues that "complete sublimation is not possible for the individual."<ref>{{S7}} p.91</ref> ===Three=== In [[Freud]]'s account, [[sublimation]] involves the redirection of the [[drive]] to a different (non-sexual) object. In [[Lacan]]'s account, however, what changes is not the object but its position in the structure of [[fantasy]]. In other words, [[sublimation]] does not involve directing the [[drive]] to a different [[object]], but rather changing the nature of the [[object]] to which the [[drive]] was already directed, a "change of object in itself," something which is made possible because the [[drive]] is "already deeply marked by the articulation of the signifier."<ref>{{S7}} p.293</ref> The sublime quality of an [[object]] is thus not due to any intrinsic property of the [[object]] itself, but simply an effect of the [[object]]'s position in the [[symbolic]] [[structure]] of [[fantasy]]. =Death Drive==Four===  While [[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]] in linking [[sublimation]] with [[creativity ]] and [[art]], he complicates this by also linking it with the [[death drive]].<ref>{{S4}} p.431</ref>

 # Firstly, the concept of the [[death drive]] is itself seen as a product of [[Freud]]'s own [[sublimation."<ref>{{S7}} p.212</ref> # Secondly, the [[death drive]] is not only a "[[destruction ]] drive," but also "a will to crate from zero."<ref>{{S7}} p.212-3</ref> # Thirdly, the [[sublime object]], through [[being ]] elevated to the dignity of the [[Thing]], exerts a [[power ]] of [[fascination ]] which leads ultimately to [[death]] and destruction.