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{{Top}}inconscient]]'', [[German]]: ''[[das Unbewußte{{Bottom}}
Although the term "[[unconscious]]" had been used by writers prior to [[Freud]], it acquires a completely original meaning in his work, in which it constitutes the single most important concept.
===Mental Processes===As an ''adjective'', it simply refers to ''mental processes'' that are not the [[Freudsubject]] distinguished between two uses of the term "[[unconscious]]."<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Unconsciousconscious]]attention at a given moment." 1915e. {{SE}} XIV, 161.</ref>
According to this theory, the [[psyche|mind]] is divided into three systems or "psychical localities," the [[conscious]] ('''Cs'''), the [[preconscious]] ('''Pcs''') and the [[unconscious]] ('''Ucs''').
The [[unconscious|unconscious system]] system is not merely that which is ''outside '' the field of [[consciousness]] at a given time, but that which has been radically [[separation|separated ]] from [[consciousness]] by [[repression]] and thus cannot enter the [[conscious|conscious-preconscious system]]-without [[preconsciousdistortion]] system without distortion. --
=====Structural Model=====
In [[Freud]]'s second theory of [[mental]] [[structure]] (the "[[structural theory]]"), the [[mind]] is divided into the three "agencies" of [[ego]], [[superego]] and [[id]].
In this model, no one agency is identical to the [[unconscious]], since even the [[ego]] and the [[superego]] have [[unconscious]] parts.
<blockquote>"A large number of psychical effects that are quite legitimately designated as unconscious, in the sense of excluding the characteristics of consciousness, are nonetheless without any relation whatever to the unconscious in the Freudian sense."<ref>{{E}} p.163</ref></blockquote>
He also insists that the [[unconscious]] cannot simply be equated with "that which is repressed."
Against this [[Lacanbiology|biologistic]] argues that the concept mode of the thought, [[unconsciousLacan]] was badly misunderstood by most of [[Freud]]'s followers, who reduced it to being argues that "merely the seat of the instincts.unconscious is neither primordial nor instinctual;"<ref>{{E}} p.147170</ref>it is primarily [[linguistic]].
===Criticism===Some [[psychoanalyst]]s have objected to [[Lacan]]'s analysis of [[linguistic]] approach to the [[unconscious]] in terms of on the grounds that it is overly restrictive, and on the grounds that [[synchronicFreud]] himself excluded ''[[structureword-presentations]] is supplemented by his idea of '' from the [[unconscious]] opening and closing in a temporal pulsation.<ref>{{S11S7}} p.143, 20444</ref>
This enigmatic formula, which has become one of [[Lacan]]'s most famous dictums, can be understood in many ways.
Perhaps the most important meaning is that "one should see in the unconscious the effects of speech on the subject."<ref>{{S11}} p.126</ref>
More precisely, the [[unconscious]] is the effects of the [[signifier]] on the [[subject]], in that the [[signifier]] is what is [[repressed]] and what returns in the [[formation]]s of the [[unconscious]] ([[symptom]]s, [[jokes]], [[parapraxes]], [[dream]]s, etc.).
All the references to [[language]], [[speech]], [[discourse]] and [[signifier]]s clearly locate the [[unconscious]] in the order of the [[symbolic]].
<bblockquote>Indeed, "the unconscious is structured as a function of the symbolic."<ref>{{S7}} p.12</ref></blockquote>
The [[unconscious]] is the determination of the [[subject]] by the [[symbolic order]].
The [[unconscious]] is not interior: on the contrary, since [[speech]] and [[language]] are [[intersubjective]] phenomena, the [[unconscious]] is "transindividual."<ref>{{E}} p.49</ref>
If the [[unconscious]] seems interior, this is an effect of the [[imaginary]], which blocks the relationship between the [[subject]] and the [[Other]] and which [[invert]]s the [[message]] of the [[Other]].
Although the [[unconscious]] is especially visible in the [[formation]]s of the [[unconscious]], "the unconscious leaves none of our actions outside its field."<ref>{{E}} p.163</ref>
The [[unconscious]] is irreducible, so the aim of [[analysis]] cannot be to make [[conscious]] the [[unconscious]].
In addition to the various [[linguistic]] [[metaphor]]s which [[Lacan]] draws on to conceptualize the [[unconscious]] ([[discourse]], [[language]], [[speech]]), he also conceives of the [[unconscious]] in other terms.
Since it is an articulation of [[signifier]]s in a [[signifying chain]], the [[unconscious]] is a kind of [[knowledge]] ([[symbolic]] [[knowledge]], or ''[[savoir]]'').
More precisely, it is an "unknown knowledge." ===See Also==={{See}}* [[Biology]]* [[Consciousness]]* [[Dicourse]]* [[Desire]]* [[Drive]]* [[Instinct]]* [[Knowledge]]* [[Language]]* [[Linguistics]]* [[Memory]]* [[Repetition]]* [[Signifier]]* [[Speech]]* [[Structure]]* [[Symbolic]]* [[Topology]]{{Also}} ===References===<references/> [[Category:Dictionary]] __NOTOC__