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...rm "[[fetishism|fetish]]" first came into widespread use in the eighteenth century in the context of the study of "[[religion|primitive religions]]", in which In the nineteenth century, [[Marx]] borrowed the term to describe the way that, in [[capitalist]] soc

The term acquired an important [[place]] in [[psychiatry]] in the nineteenth century, especially in the [[work]] of Jean-Martin Charcot, under whom [[Freud]] st

[[French]] [[psychiatry]] in the nineteenth century (e.g. Pinel) conceived of [[mental]] [[illness]] as ''[[alienation|aliénat

In nineteenth-century [[French]] [[psychiatry]], the term "[[suggestion]]" referred to the use of

...l part of his new scientific discipline, are also influenced by nineteenth-century theories of evolution and by their attendant eurocentrism; hence the analog ...eyond criticism, but they have had an incalculable impact on the twentieth-century [[vision]] of [[sexuality]], not least by insisting the [[children]] are no

This [[discourse]] begins, according to [[Lacan]], in the seventeenth century <ref>{{Ec}} p. 857</ref>, with the inauguration of modern physics.<ref>{{Ec ...sciences]] had become quite well-established by the end of the nineteenth century, it does not [[figure]] in [[Freud]]'s [[work]].

...Zapatero in the context of political equality of [[women]] in twenty-first-century Spain.

...of the many important contributors to the doctrine of signs. The twentieth century witnessed a revival of interest in the principles of sign systems and proce To review even the major contributions to literary semiotics in the twentieth century is beyond the scope of this survey. However, Charles Morris, who drew his i

...rgument for the [[existence]] of an [[unconscious mind]]. During the 19th century, the dominant trend in [[western world|Western]] thought was [[positivism]] ...wrote: "It is difficult - or perhaps [[impossible]] - to find a nineteenth-century psychologist or psychiatrist who did not recognize unconscious cerebration

In contrast to the study of [[language]] in the nineteenth century, which had been exclusively "[[diachronic]]" (i.e. focusing exclusively on

...the late [[eighteenth century|eighteenth]] and early [[nineteenth century|nineteenth]] centuries. It developed out of the [[work]] of [[Immanuel Kant]] in the [ ...d to bridge the two dominant philosophical [[schools]] in the [[eighteenth century]]: 1) [[rationalism]], which held that [[knowledge]] could be attained by [

''[[Under Capricorn]]'', set in nineteenth-century Australia, also used this short-lived [[technique]], but to a more limited

...that Kierkegaard was "by far, the most profound thinker of the nineteenth century" <ref [[name]]="ArisSoc"> ...s a [[political]] entity, during the final years of his life. In the 19th century, most Danes who were citizens of [[Denmark]] were necessarily members of th

...privileged relationship, like the role literature played in the nineteenth century.

The only scientists interested in [[dreams]] during the late nineteenth century were psychologists [[looking]] for "elements" of [[mental]] [[activity]] or The only scientists interested in dreams during the late nineteenth century were psychologists looking for "elements" of...

...ileged relationship, like the role [[literature]] played in the nineteenth century.

[[literature]] played in the nineteenth century.

...an influential [[philosophy | philosopher]] in [[Nineteenth Century | 19th-century]] [[Europe]], as well as in those of a [[philosopher]] he is said to have i ...] influenced nineteenth century [[romantic nationalism]] and its twentieth century excesses. The [[Young Hegelians]], by contrast, took Hegel's [[thoughts]]

...latest Hollywood blockbuster, from now-forgotten figures of 18th and 19th century German philosophy to the notoriously obscure writings of the French psychoa ...er-intuitive reading) of Otto Weininger's notorious turn-of-the-nineteenth-century anti-Semitic and misogynistic tract <i>Sex and Character</i>. In <i>Metasta

...ill, we can only credit this to the insinuating rise across the nineteenth century of the theme of "happiness in evil." ...cle on Buddhism, this after Burnouf, or some time in the '50s (of the last century), for them it is "impossible that there are people that dumb."

...he research, which was revolutionary at a certain moment in the nineteenth century, of Krafft-Ebing with his monumental <i>Psychopathia Sexualis, </i>or also ...sm lost in a history to which reference has been made since the nineteenth century with the expectation of restoring, beyond [[Hegel]], [[Kierkegaard]] and [[

...beginning in the late nineteenth century. Between the last decades of that century and with the [[global]] [[economic]] crisis of 1930, the country experience

Late nineteenth-century psychologists (Alfred Binet in [[France]], the Würzburg [[school]] in [[Ge

...iess]], but Freud used it in the general [[sense]] used by late-nineteenth-century authors who began to take an interest in human sexuality, particularly Albe

...the [[subject]]'s vitality had been sapped. In eighteenth- and nineteenth-century medical [[practice]], this...

Charles [[Darwin]] and evolutionist sociologists of the nineteenth century used a term of Tartar origin, "[[primitive]] [[horde]]," to refer to the si

...is]]''1940a [1938]). It was borrowed from the [[vocabulary]] of nineteenth-century psychologists who were seeking to accord to [[animal]] and [[human]] [[ment

...e]] [[stages]] of childhood and four of adulthood. In the mid-[[eighteenth century]] [[Jean Jacques Rousseau]] described three stages of childhood: ''[[infans In the late [[nineteenth century]], psychologists familiar with the [[evolutionary theory]] of [[Charles Dar

...of [[Oscar Wilde]]. Also, many characters in [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]]'s (19th-Century Russian Writer) writings are lonely Narcissus-types, such as Yakov Petrovic ...967). ''The Narcissus Theme in Western [[Literature]] up to the Nineteenth Century''. (The classic in-depth study).

...nship relations between siblings and the exogamous clan. In the nineteenth century, British anthropologists suggested that totemism, characterized by the [[ex

...d to do away with what magnetizers called "rapport." In the mid-nineteenth century, the [[English]] physiologist William Carpenter provided scientific support ...return]] of forgotten memories were published at the end of the nineteenth century.

Until the fifth century BCE, the Greek word mythos was a synonym for [[logos]] (word). With Pindar ..., they helped move the study of myths from the [[impasse]] that nineteenth-century authors had become stuck in. Claude Lévi-[[Strauss]] saw myths as books wi

...o made it popular. Given the work by [[other]] theorists in the nineteenth century, it is not surprising that Freud's concept of mind, especially the unconsci

...ded [[Freud]] but had contact with him in the later part of the nineteenth century, also speculated about the unconscious. Fechner conceived the classic illus ..." were often executed. Over [[time]] this view softened. By the eighteenth century, mental illness came to be viewed more as [[irrational]] [[behavior]]. Ment

...n be made that virtually every major psychological theory of the twentieth century was either a hybrid of or a reaction to psychoanalysis. Even staunch behavi ...and geographical location, but it is also influenced by a late nineteenth century [[society]] that was Victorian in manner, which manifested as sexually [[re

...ept of splitting as defined by [[Freud]]. They are found in the nineteenth century in relation to [[hysteria]] and [[hypnosis]] (splitting of the [[personalit

...the experiment. This view of science, which was dominant in the nineteenth century, characterizes a [[form]] of [[rational]] experimentalism that gradually re

...irst appeared in the [[psychiatric]] [[literature]] of the late nineteenth century (Karl Westphal, in 1872, cited [[agoraphobia]]); [[French]] psychiatrists a

...nce]] on the primacy of consciousness in the human mind. In the nineteenth century, after Georg Wilhelm Friedrich [[Hegel]]'s [[work]] but before that of Edmu Finally, this notion is found in the work of Ludovic Dugas, a late-nineteenth-century semiologist. Drawing from the work of Hippolyte Taine and Théodule Ribot,

[[Charles Darwin]] and evolutionist sociologists of the nineteenth century used a term of Tartar origin, "[[primitive horde]]," to refer to the simple

...e, in [[Germany]], of <i>Naturphilosophie</i>, forgotten at the end of the century (Ellenberger, 1974). Freud's [[knowledge]] of certain romantic works of [[l ...edicine]] had laid the groundwork were to be found in [[psychoanalysis]] a century later: [[dreams]] and their "[[psychic]] [[value]]," [[instinct]], [[repres

...nted a point of view widely accepted in the [[sciences]] of the nineteenth century, such as Fechner's equilibrium principle (Laplanche and Pontalis, 1967; Lap

...s]] to designate [[sexual]] orientation arose only in the later nineteenth century. "[[Homosexuality]]" owes to [[work]] by the Austro-Hungarian journalist an

...undertake to analyze a homosexual [[patient]] at the end of the nineteenth century, but the patient concerned apparently committed [[suicide]] at Trafoi.

...study with [[synchronic]] linguistics, inaugurated early in the twentieth century by ferdinand de [[saussure]], himself a comparative philologist who strove ...1977; Frederick Newmeyer, Linguistic Theory in America: The First Quarter-Century of Transformational Generative Grammar 1st ed., 1980, 2d ed., Linguistic Th

...arative evolutionary anthropology in the final [[third]] of the nineteenth century, initiated with E. B. Tylor’s [[Primitive]] [[Culture]] in 1871 and culmi ...influence upon Anglo-American criticism of the first half of the twentieth century. And yet the push for a tough, unimpressionistic, and even [[scientific]] c

...ifferent ways. The first definition, which came into use in the nineteenth century with the establishment of a nosographic framework for the [[psychoses]], cu ...mania and dementia, underwent changes in [[meaning]] during the nineteenth century. In 1911 Eugen Bleuler, in his [[discussion]] of the concept of [[schizophr

...mind]] that [[psychiatry]] and [[psychology]] at the end of the nineteenth century were very strongly marked by the idea that individual characteristics were

At the end of the nineteenth century, British [[psychiatry]] was more neurological than [[psychological]]. [[Neu

...d with the classical ego [[psychology]] that dominated [[analysis]] at mid-century, the Chicago Institute was distinctive for a certain [[tolerance]] of diver ...ute, which itself had been founded along the lines of the great nineteenth-century research institutes designed to encourage [[intellectual]] [[exchange]], de

...steria ("the great neurosis") was established at the end of the nineteenth century, by Charcot in [[Paris]] and [[Breuer]] in [[Vienna]]. Freud (Charcot's stu ...f psychoanalysis seems to attract less attention from [[psychoanalysts]] a century later. The question may again become relevant if the unified concept of neu

In nineteenth-century [[psychology]] the term is synonymous with [[emotion]] or [[excitement]].

...characterized a large strand of [[Marxist]] [[philosophy]] throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. To this end, Žižek’s [[synthesis]] of Marx’s ...he Žižekian theory of economics ineluctably “returns to the nineteenth-century [[myth]] of an enclosed economic space” (''CHU'': 291).

...rogram, I hope to draw from my background in both nineteenth and twentieth century critical and continental thought (including post-Marxist, post-structuralis

...es of Culture20 Misplaced Ideas: Literature and Society in Late-Nineteenth-Century Brazil<br />''Roberto Schwarz''<br /> 21 Traditionalism and the Quest for a

...ve indelibly shaped the trajectory of Western thought since the eighteenth century. Although much has been written about these monumental thinkers, students a '''Volume 2: Nineteenth-Century Philosophy: Revolutionary Responses to the Existing Order<br /> Edited by A

...ed a Leipzig psychiatric clinic. He would spend the rest of the nineteenth century in mental institutions. Once released, he published his ''[http://theory.l

...ed two centuries of Western philosophy. To Hegel, who dominated nineteenth-century thought, it was a metaphysical system. In the works of Marx, the dialectic ...esis of thought that revitalizes dialectical thinking for the twenty-first century.

...y securing a place for the freedom of the subject within it, and twentieth-century French materialists such as Althusser and Deleuze rallied behind Spinoza as

...book remains one of the most important character studies of the twentieth century.

...igious struggle. In reality, the Middle Ages, especially from the eleventh century onward, are the time of a fundamental conceptual reorganization. It is the ...t fully assimilated in the West until the sixteenth, even the seventeenth, century.

...Center in September 2001 was rather the last spectacular act of twentieth-century warfare. What awaits us is something much more uncanny: the specter of an " ...n not consistent that, in view of the new contradictions of the nineteenth-century capitalist system which exploded the fragile Hegelian synthesis, a renewed

...lain Badiou enumerated six main (partially intertwined) forms of twentieth-century anti-Platonism:[#bookmark42 2]